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[]䣺

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ΪԼԼĸоǷ֪һУԼֻһеһӰˡ
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ҵΪĽ߻ӵݹΪ۾֮Ȼпסʶͬʱȴ̫ˡʲôҪĺӣҲΪǶةĽС
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ĸ󡭡ĸ󡭡
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ĸ̻壡λص
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ԣĸҪһãһʵأ
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
Ŷ常ԥ˵
΢μǧǧǧǧ꣡
常𣬶ԼˣԺöԱˣ
ǵ⣬Ψһĺ̨ɽԶԶܹʺ󣬼ݹȵģڣҲȲϣΪ̸߻ĻʶǶة֮ã
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ţ룬Ůʹ˸ɫǹŮÿһеĲˣСһݳųС̣ŮһһԳԣ
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[]䣺գ

£԰գ
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ԴǰĿֺ߻ӾȻֹһΣ۾мû߻ӵĴڡ
Ϊ߻ܵţʲôĲ״Ѱ̫ҽһãƻʶ쳣ΪˣϲͬҲŵǣеĴһ
ʱˣӦôߵǰ԰ˣ
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Դε˵Ȼ㿴ŻеС˵
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糯ةණҴҵǰ£һʱ붼ģҲǲġ
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֪߻ӻѡ̴ӣǣֻ֪Ҫȵ߻֮
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ãã̱ӦŶ
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к·Ըū澣
̽ʶӴ
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ة࣬ȻʶĺӣһֱǽʶΪѳʶǳʲô£ǱҲֻһˣΪȻ԰ЩҲȻǡ
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οǶѾôˣȻڵǣ֪ģҲ֪ʲôĽֵȴ
ˣ΢һһдãﲻ˵ǡ
֪ةкΰţ
ʵ΢ϵнգȻԤϵһʱ䣡
ԭة˶Ӧ֮ߣ
ʵǰ΢ѾѰܹ̺ߵµˣ
ةܵةѾ˺ʵѡ
ǵģǰ΢ȷѰ֮ˡʵ΢ҲӦýЩ빬ߵµģΪߵ쳣Ϊ΢ԥˣŵʱҪǣΪߵµİΣ룬΢Ѱʦգࡣڱأ΢㼴̷ɸ봫飬Ƿؾ
ããةܵôʶةĽչˣܹȻ»ա
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Ȼ˵ʵͬΪһԲеġͬʱҲǾʧӵ
ֻǣة˵ʲôˡ
ǺǣﲻǣŮޣ΢Ů£Ҳʮ꣡ȴǸã΢͸ʦԣǾԵĿŵġ
һλԵøߴһλԵĸֱ꣬𹧾ߵµǰ
˵С磬㵽׽ʲô֣ӦôóƺأԺǿɾһ̺ͬߵµūˣѵһ㣬ذףǶ̵֮̽ģǵҲϾӴ֡
ǸԵ꣬ЦĿ˵
ֻƵĻţ룬ߵ»˯̫ɹƨˡ
Ȼɹߵµƨɵġ

Ǹߴ겢ûлӦֻڰ˭һūţֻūţ
˵С磬㵹Ҳ˵仰
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ʱͻȻжԭߵѾ·Ҳˡ
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ǽӹ󣬷ֱ𿴵Ȼ֣Ǹߴ겻ɵ
ѩ
Ҳɵÿеֽɻ
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칧
ʶةڴĸйػʶӵ飬»ʶڲԣв㣬Щ̴Ӹʶҡ
Ļ첻ɵɻôˣ˵Բԣ
ʶةѾΪʶѡ̴ӣԻʶõģ˵ةĸӿΨһֵˡǻʶľ˾أ
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ԼЩЦΪڣейߵµ£ǰҪȫߵµӦʡ
ǰֻΪΪ˶һСӿģŻߵȻЦԶһ䲻ȣȴҲϲϵȻףߵżĶݣĻΪ沿⣬˵⡣
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ѵΪѱǵ飬Ǹо𣿺ǺǣȷǰʺǰݾҲǰֹ
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һԣ죬ҲӦ֤ˣΪ޺ֺۣɫΪµɫʣΪһ㡣
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һ㣬Ǳǣʵڲǡ޼䡯ġӵһ
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ţԼľֹȻû˿Ϊëϸ΢ëȫںһҲΪָֻˡ
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ȷĸԣةΨһˡ
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ŶةıӻҲ޷⡣ЩѾķѻΪڴһʸ졣
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ǣûбԲԹڿʶǻʶҡ
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ת˶ͯͶ̥

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ѩ˿Ȼ뿪ǰ԰
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ߣôӣȻŪ౾Ļ
ǹģˡΰɣ
˭ģãʸͻȻһȵ
ĹΰɣԺҲˣ
ߣԺΪԺ𣿡ʸŵ˵
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ʸֻһСŮھС
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˻ʵܣŰ˻ȫɵû
˻ӵڣܻ֪ǻʺ
ʹУȻ˶֪˻ʵĸǲûһ˸ҽ
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ĸˣĻʹУ˻ӱΨһˣȻһУĸԸΪģΪҲʵ
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̱һĵūŽһϸıӹķϡ
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ߣģʸ˵ţ߸ӣҪȥĹ
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ֻҧأĬĬĳֱԵʹࡣ
׼ʱûеʹһУ
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ʸһʹļУ㽫еı˦ԶɫŤĻ˦ӵֻ֡
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˲䣬еΧ۵ˣ׷׹еʺ
ţˣʸƵܿ˱仯ɻ֣Ĳ鿴š
ƹôˣ
Ҳ֪ոֱͻȻһʹͻȻֲʹˣ
ֱʲôҲûУոյʹǴһ
ÿһ˶ɻĿŻʸơΪ΢ֵͻȻþţͻȻ֪˭ȿڽе
ߣ߻ˣֲǳԾǻš
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ʲôֲǹ
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Ҳ˵Ϊ˻ʼҵ棬ϡ
ǺǣЩɱ˲Ѫ˲¹ͷĻʹУֻǿ߲ӵС
Ȼ޷ΪⷬΪܣԻʹ۶ôûеλĻӹҲԼĵϡǺǣǰȫǻӹ
ƽ㣬˵ǶͶ̥ģ
΢С˵ȻСΧˣȻˡ
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Ųм߻ӡдССĻӣĸǰ㲻ãһնɱֻ˻ʵദ˰ǣǰ˻ʵܲġ
ʵ߻ҲηģֻȶԣηԵô΢
ֻһĺӣʮȴѾϰˣΪٹ꣬ɼڳ
˿ʸǴŷŭ񣬶ǵɨˡ
ԣ˻ӹ⣬ܶ춼ʶ
һɹ۵Ĵٹӵǣ첻ɵðЦţǽԽһŰΪֻ

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ڶʮ£ƪ[ʮ]԰ͯǴ˵
첢֪ʱȻ˻ǵĹˡ
Ϊÿһ˶ŹԼ
ȺССĺӣɵЦôܹЦء
뵽ֻЩӣȴ˵ġ
ʵΪЦԼΪֻǴˣҲΪСʱγһ𣿵Ψһͬǣʱ𣬱ڽų˵ѵ
ǰΪԼ棬Ϊֵͥҵǣ˱ļ̳ˣŻôݣȻвʣܾԼ׻˶ʮꡣ
ãȻĪĳ˻ӣ
Ǻǣ˵ȴҲɵˣŵҲֻǻʸٿء
СĽܹ˵ȷѣǳ˵ĻʹʹУֻǴΪҪֻǴ
ǺӣʸѾʮŮھУǶô֪
첢ˣֻǻߵʸǰȻϸĴڻʹƺѾ伣Ĺ
һǳɰŮأȻ㲻ݣҲȫû˹ĸ߹֮ˣһ㣬ȴǲǱɻּᶨġ
ԵΪ˲˽⣬Ҳ޷ȥʲôĸŮ򣬵ǣû˵ıҪڹаʵĴȥǹҲȻ
ʸ߻ӣȻȻҲʲô˼߻ӵ۾ǳ峺ȴûЦ⣬Ҳû⣬Ҳǵġ
߻ʵܵ۾ССо޴˵ίȻ߻ưͣȻĸܺʼ
ʲô취أ߻ʵǻӣǹ޷ȵġ
ԣĽһУĵȴһС
ڹû˿Ĺӣ׸ĸ򣬾һʱŮ̫඼
߻Ӳ죬Ϊ߻ưͣ⣬û˿ͨ
ڣ߻ӶԵǲͬģΪκˣֻǿڴһߡɲ֪Ϊʲô߻ӡ
죬һֱڴһ˾ֵ飬Ǳ߻ǶͯͶ̥ǴԣҲ֪ǴԵԴ
ǣ幫ʸŲɣȴǿЦġ
ʵ˵߻ǶͯͶ̥ת
Ȼô峺ۣ
Ȼôô򵥵ľѱֻҧ˰˻ʵܵǣ
ȻôԻ˰
߻ӴӲǹκˣҲȥκˣʣư͵۰мӡЩ˵ֻſ
ݡȻЩԶ
ţʸ۾ɵʪˣȴҲӼᶨˣΪ˻ţҪ͡
Ǹ˲ĺӣ첻ɵðȻû˿ЭԽĲƽҲͻᶮԽ࣬ҲͿԱøӼᶨ
ǰǣԻţȴԻʣǣԸһȫͬ硣
첢ǿͬΪŮӵȷϲɣ£ῴɫȫ˴˵磡
ʸҿ߻ӣĹҲΪ޷߻ӿԾ
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תɨĹľֱɵ۾Ϊֱ뾱Ȼоɵı޺ۡǶΣܻʸƵŰ
ǺǣڣԼ뿪ˣĬĬ뿪ˣǻʸƶȻŹĹǺǣʲôϵأҲֻһΰˡ
֪ΪΣе˿߻ǰ㿿Ĺ԰þ߻ӿƵӰһ㡣
֪߻ʵҪʲôڿǱūˣ
ͻȻʸ˵ΪҲȥ߻ӣǰ޼ɵΪȫʽ㿴С
ʹпɴ߻ʵܿǶͯͶ̥ۣΪ˴ҵƽ߻ʵܻػɣҪű¶
ʸһ԰˵ļƣ䵭š
˿Ϊ⣬ڣȻҪ뿪ġ
һžֵĻʸתȥȫûп˵Ĵڰ㡣
ߣǲڵưͣ
߻ӵıӰʸƺݺݵ˵ӦиǣĻʵܼҲᾴ֡
ǺǣոǸưͿôʲôѵǸư첻ɣ
֪߻Ϊλᶢ
ʸڲʶ߻Ӹѡ
ߣҶ죡ȻưͿ죡
ʸյ˵ʵյǣΪǸư;ȻҲһۣǶ衣ΪĸнոǾԲô׾ͷ߻뿪ġ
ʸֵĿŻʸơ
Сˣ죡
ĹȻĻ죬ʸƶݺݵ漴߸ߵĽ
ʸɵý˫ֵۣĵȴ޷ѵһ̡
ͻȻһʹļУ

ǣûиоʹΪǰƲûдϡ
ƹôˣ

졭죬㣬ַ֡֡Ųˣ
ʸƳĶ϶˵ǱǾµ幬ʹٴŤˡ
ǰȥʸƸ߸֣ȴһʹá
ҪӴʹʹūšҪ֡
죬첢ĸ󡭡ĸ󡭡ʹʸſǻ˵

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ο֮Գ֣Ҳֻ֮١ûʲôϷǵǸСĺŴĿȥʱЩעˣıǺӺľֹ
ʼֻΪԼ⣬ǿӶķҲʱȴǸš
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ĻһӦЦЦڵǰʶ£ǰĻ᲻Ľأ
ΣȻһиУһС
ӳԾߵı仯ΪǰӣҲɵϸϸĴ
ӦñԼ곤ʮ°ɣһϮ£߳ߣȫɢһֶصϢһĪƣȫ͸һֶֶصˣһ޷ԵģӵĿӡУܹ֮ȵģҲʱǰĸˡ
ȻҲǷǳģֻĿ֮УǶЩһεľСͬҲ˾УΨһͬģûи
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ҾˣӽΪʦΪʦıҲͽΪʦҪգ
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ָȴûκξֹԵľߵߡ
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ͽ⣬ͷɣ⣬Ϊʦ㡭ǿдͽɣ
Ǻǣиѡһһͽ˭ͽ
ΪͣǱһҲɣ

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ʮ£ӿƪ[һ]ԣӿ
Ԫ꣡
ӻʸʮ꣬Ļӻʸɫʮһ꣬߻ӻʸ꣬˻ӻʸ۽꣡
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УǰݣȴҲǰɱΪġǣȴʧˡ
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ѵΪ߻ư͵Ե𣿳ڲ⣬ȴôɫ˵ױȡ
ǺǣҲ߻ӵȨĻһʥϻ鸳ʡ
ԣʺ֪߻ӡǿд⣬Ƿ飬߻ӵķΪνǻʹеһ档Ϊ߻ӿ֮죬붼ġ
߻ӵѧʶʺȻҲΪǳ֮ǾȻ޷ġ
ʵ޷ĵԴʥϵΪǸӲκһӹڹעĵȻ߻ȴǰٰ谮
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⣬һΪĵ£ǶʸƣΪѾûõҽұȻļѾѰҽ
ҲΪ£ͽݵľƹ䣬ӵ޶ȣΪĸȴҲϲƹ
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ĸһ߻ӣǸֵ߻ӣ˭޷ŪסԽԽ֣ҲԽǲ
ȻУҲ˲£ûһҪư͵ġ
Ҳòϣư͵ȷǴһֱסǬĻһٴˣԾƹӲƽ
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ĸٹգһһȵĻʼգǺβô˻ᡭ
Ǭ
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ʸ죬ΪȻɤӲãô¶ҲƣҲ޷
ԣԻʺΪ˵Ĭϵġ
Ȼʸ컹ϣ߻ӵɤǿõģôʱ̫ȤԣȻǸ˼ģԣҲӵĬϻʺΪ
Ϊʸ뿴߻ӻأ
Ǻǣ߻ӣеҪˣʺô֣߻ȴֻһβһ̫΢ˣΪʮ߻ӱָֻԭġɡ

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ʶôˣȴʼ˵߻ӵĸоء
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С̫˵ɫĻӹǣΨ߻ʵǲͬġ
ǰֻΪ߻ʵǸӣ򵥵ģĺӣԻ֪մӵĳǺǵദУķˣԼʲôģ߻ʵܿ񶼲ı
ȻҲ֪߻ʵҲԱ˵ģڰʡ
Ӳ߻ʵܶκһ˱ֳȽ˳飬һУڸ߻ûУ˵΢
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ʱһ߻۾Уһ˿׽ɫҲ޷һֱô߻ӡ
ʵʱѾɻɻֻһĺѵʶֵȻԼдĳªޱȡ
ĸ˵߻Ӳ򵥣пܵĻ߻ӽΪĿɽĸҲ߻ΪС
ĸҲӽ߻ӣȻҲǼΪġ
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һܿЦ£ԼҲ֪Ӽʱʼ߻ʵܲ뷨
Ŀ棬һĺܺã˵Ǹ漣Ĵڡ
ӱϿͬ˵ġ
߻ʵܣѾȫڰǰ߻ӻڴ
΢΢ĵͷ㵭Ŀӡ
ѵ߻ʵܲǺ˶¶𣿡

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պ󣬱ǻʼһһȵ֮գĻӶɲμԣֻǵĻʵܵǷԵ
ӵĻɻĿ
ֻǰʱŻô໰˵ǽĻȴԲͬģΪ̫Ҫ˵ʲô
ֵǻ˺߻ʵܣʼȴһᣡ
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Żʸݣ첻ɵ˳˼
ʹ֮ˣ˽֪߻ãνֵס
ǾȴĺܣʸݺìܣǺǣǻӣĻӱɫ
ҹʹϷٵӰ
һһ죬ǰ¾԰㣬ǿգǺɫȴҹһȵķ羰
ֻ˲ĹӰʧӰ٣
Ǻǣû뵽δͽĹȴǴг
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ΪҪװƭȡĸϧҪ̽ĸʡ
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Ǻǣ߻˶ôܻ˵ļء
֪߻ҪԶԶлҪ
ǰջʼӵΪͽġ
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ԾǣǸܾˣ°ʾĺӣȻ߻ӡ
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Ǻǣ֪ǲӦΪԼأΪȻͬʱʶλ֮ˣһǰ档
Ȼʼ֪ǸڽĿӣĽӴӣ߻Ϊͽһ֮󣬴ʱԴɻ֮С
ǺǣԱϾֻǴԣʲǳմ޶ۣһǴ쳣
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ϣ߻֮䣬֮ԿദҲֻǺӰˣΪǶڵȡ
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˵߻Ҳһ漣ڶ̶̵ʱڣȻѾһϵ似ٶȾȻ˰һͽ֮¡
ŵǣ߻ӵĹھȻΪֻһĺأ
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ΪҪװǺǣԾ˵Ƕġ
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Ȼ޷׵ģʮ꣬ᣬȴѧ֮ĹΪ
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쵭Ŀˣ֣̫ԹǰһھС
ЩūŴӰ̫ҽõģūʱ˵ΪߵҪĶ붫ةѰҵġ
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ϸĿеҩϸϸ£üͷŻȥһߣȻĴ˸ָ˿Цǰ
飬ǰµǸ̫ࡣԾ˵һĺӣͬʱȴҲһǿӲĺӣѩñͨȴԵıѩ˼ϸ΢
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ǺǣĻȡ
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ǣһʺֻð˻Ǹλãʲôķ;еֶΣֻΪ˳ȥļȨһС
˻ʺĻڶ˱ֳѵõϲ֮ɫ
ΪʺĻǼ߷ģͬʱҲΪеˣе£ͷ
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߻ʶΪ˱סϵҪŬӮȡⳡʤҲøʰװ׳谮ô꣡
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ʸȤ˵Ҳ뿴һʲôĽ
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ģ˻ȫǴڸ֣Ҳ޷˼ĵ·ֺ
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һĻʺ˻ӡΪʺõ׼ԣֻԶԶĿĻӣ߻ӣȫԺԵӡ
ʱбȽ곤Ĺǣȴ˽š
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Ȼʽǲᵽʱġ
˶ĻʸջĿ⣬Զ˵
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Ҫ˵ݵƶ죡ˣɫɵ糺죬ȴװյ˵ʮĻʸ棬ȫһСŮҵ̬
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Ϊ鲢ô򵥣Ҳ˭Ԫף֪⼸λӶпܡ
Ψܵı߻ӣΪû˿ô̵ʱڣָʾ߻Щ顣
пܵҲ߻ӣΪʲôأΪ߻ӵΪӲҪָ㣬ǿµġ
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ҹ䣬صʹĻʺɵú޵ΪҪѰ̸֤ף
Ҳֻ֪ҪȥңһҵûҲУֻҪ˵С
ݹĽ䱸ģζЩҡ
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⣬ػʺע⡣ʵҲһֱɻǲǻʺ󽫹Ŵλãŵ°˻ӴжĹ
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ʮ£ӿƪ[һʮ]ԣռһʯ˭ˡ

ܣҿǶԲǾԲܵģЩжļһ˽ʶļе
ʺٴμķϵĽСģôִܷء
£˻Ӳ֪ʺҲǰŸģֻһĵػ˻ӵİοȡԵʤûעʲô֮ˣҪ˵Ļ˻ӵļһǰͱ˵ˣΪҲ鿴жɰ˻Իġĵ˵ΪԼĸо
ŻʺȻŵ飬˵
ʺ޴ĻʺﱾȺ߻ӣ혱޵ĻӣĻӵĶǻʺ˵ģ
ԣǴ⣬ʥϲΪ˴Ҳ׾ͷŹĻӣȻ˷ֻҪӻʶѰ޷ӰѰ֤ݣ˶֪ʥҲὫôӲлʶ𡣡
ôˣʥʲôˣ֪ܲ
û֤ݣʥҲᡮΪѡۡ
ڣԲͬˣΪݹеĻҪıԣû뵽ݹƾͼƣһ
ΣĻˣǶҵǸСӣ߻ҲܱһУʥ϶ưոݣĿǰԼʶΪģ
ʺ󿴵ı˭ֻǲ֪ݹȻҲͬĶѵݹ߲ɣֻݹ߰ߵĿܣ˭˸ĻʺԣǼֱ
ǺǣҪ֤
ٽһЩͷͿϾ綾뷨룬˷£͵ݹйȥһ䱸ɭϣֻȥɣ֣ţȻɽ޷죡
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ԥĻصΪ޷ܾʺʲô£һܵǣıļ壬ο飬Ҳļ˼
ֻǵĽ͵˵˲֪ѣҲõĻᱻ֪
Ҳǻʺ˼ɣ˹Ů̫ĻºǱһ
ɻʺǧ㣬ȴ㲻ʱݹʥΪͬһ£ҲΪ˽£
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ػԾ˵еǰɣʥԱӶ࣬ʺˣνϲǡ
ӣԴӷغѩ˿飬߻ǰ
쿴ǣʵ鷢չһܹǣҪ֣ҲֻԼǲܡ
ǺǣȻûʲôϵֻһ֮ˡ
Ļ֣ʾ
ūŻŻá֮صơ
ѩԥ˵ʱ֣Ҳصˡ
ȻһֱԥţŰˣӡѵ֪𣿲Ȼô˰˲
ţҲҪ˶ӵֻû뵽Ǹ˲䣬Ȼȥ֮⣬ֹһҲֹ
ǶӵȣѩҲӿӹ˽١
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԰ַغ˾ƵģȻḻȴǰ
ˣҲʶ߻ӵĿ£ֻҪһСС£֮ջ
ѾϢܵĴ͵ȥˣݹǬʥ
Щ׵˵һеİţףΪĪĿ־塣
΢΢ĵ˵ͷʹ˸ɫתȥ
һеľԱڽǺǣݹĶ찡ǸŮһֱء
Ļӣ˽ҲǼٵģΪĪĵ͵עˡ
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ҹʥΪİ
ݶӦÿǣպǬס
ʥŹ˵ȻһĽȴҲǱ˷͵ġ
ʥӦϲǣ޷ϲ
Ҳܾˣգȥ߻ӣЩϢɣ
밲οӣΪסǬǺ£
ڣǻʺݹ̨߻ӵưͣǣʱȴʲôû˵ΪӱҲΪȻ֮УͬʱȴҲ֮ˡ
ĸҲЩϢɣݶϢˣӹ˵ţȥ
ص޹ҲһֱŽ£߻ʵû£ҡ
ȻĸһϷҪֻ֣ҪúõĿűǣǣȴûп
ѵ߻ʵܲ߻Ȼ֪߻ʵܲȻһľ֣ԸǸİš
ȻҲ߻ʵܻᰲȻ£Ϊ߻ʵ֣ܵȻһġ
ʦڳ˼ĻʸͻȻе漴һӰԾʸǰ

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ʮ£ӿƪ[ʮһ]ԣռһʯ

ʦ
ʸɻĿʱôأȻ֪ʦӰȥ١
Σ˵Ҳǿ˳Ϸأһ˲õĺϷ
ݶܺãҲҪʦľĽ̵ݶܹȻķء
Լҵģɨһۣ䵭˵
ǺǣȷҵģҲǵ߻ʵܵİΣӵЦ˵ʦȻУȴԶ֪ʲô˵ʲôĻ
ǰͻȻڰʱ˵ĳԾ
ڰΪʦҲ֮٣ͬʱҲ֮١
Ȼղ㾫Ŀ̿ԱѾ㹻
֣ΪΪͽΨһǲ߻ʵ֪һֱף˵뷨Ҳ޴ӿ֪
ǣ̬ϿԸоΪͽܱ߻ʵܣ߻ʵ֣ܵҲһԣϧȴѰûᣬʱһ̽ģɲ룬εԣȻԱһѪɫϷ
ű߻ʵܷżĬɲûеõҪĽԥ߻ʵܷͰʱȴ쳣ĸоŲᣬȴ˷ܡ
㵣ߣൣĵԼɣԲм˵
ݶлʦѣӹ˵ȻЩţ̹˵
ĪʦΪ߻ʵܷ𣿾ķˣҲûʲôϵ߻ʵܵĸ֪Ҳʵ
Ψһǵı߻ʵ̬ܶȣ᲻˶мĸıأȨƵִʲôԼҲ֪ԣܶ飬ĸҲ
ףʹ˽ˣ߻ʵܣʲôʾ
ԽԽҪ֤Ϊϣ߻ʵ̫ԶǶµģͬҲǶԮġ
ʦǰ֮ԸΪͽҲΪ˽𣿡
Ӱӵ˵ţʲôľֹҪɵġ
ɣ͸ȷһ޷͸ˣΪֻԼԸ
ЩҪˣջҪġ߻ʵܹϣˣ
Ȿȫƿص飬ȴøˣ޷룬һж׹Ǳǣ߻Ϸ˶˵⡣
ʺεȺ߻ӣ߻ֻʺһѵˣû뵽ģĻҲˡ
ǺǣǶ֣ҲģΨıƵַ
һжԵ˵һ飡˭ǣ˭ߣ
˶˶ζȴҲ׶ˣͬס
ˣûлӦҲûһۣȥ
ڴգǳʲôԭأֻ
һУԴ߻ӵر𣬻߻ԺҪߵ·ȻҲΪ˸߻·Ǻǣ˭һôɫֱµͽأ
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һߺ漴ʺŮҴҳӭӣûǹӭʥݣʸһ£
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ʥϣΪͻȻ֮˵йʥҲ֪һ֮ĸܹݵڳ檵й˷
ʺἰǳ檣Ϊ֪ǰЩʱգʺ˹ʮϡصҩʵк綾֮ҩԳ檱ʥϲʥǰһ
ʱʺע⵽ڻʸߵݹ
вɵðȫû뵽ݹһ
Σصľ綾öɵģοѾûĵҩƷڳУ뵽ǰѾҩｻɵְ
ݹٰյģϧ·ߣƫݹҵġ
ԭΪ˴£ĪݹǱ˺Ļӵľ綾ɣߣдʺ䵭кзŭ
ʥϣ檵ȷѰҩǶΪ˾ܹջָ
檿ĶѾʱ䲻ܹˣĸģôܹսȥ
̫ҽҽұδǳΨһ뵽İ취ѰܹҽұֵûƫҲҪһԣ
Ϊ檵ʥϲͬ⳼Ծƣ㲢ûǰ֪ʥϣ
ʺ˵ţɵ£ʹĹ࣬Ůȴֻ
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˻ʺĻʸ첻ɵɻֻ֪ʲôء
֪µΪʶͷжԵʣͬʱĻӼͷҲͿо綾ʥϣ檿룬檵йĻΪʾƽҲʥһ
ʺǣûȻʸ쿪ڣݹ̹Ȼ˵ʾ
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ʺˣʺһ񣬱Ժ˵
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ʮ£ӿƪ[ʮ]ԣռһʯ
ʸ쿴Żʺ̹ȻҲɰЦⳡϷҪʲôʱΪֹ
γֻ֪ǣԺģҲòġ
̵ֻĹ򣬱һ
ʥϣڻʺ޹зƿɵҩ
ʺˣɵóԾʱ޹˿ɵҩ
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ʸ޷ڵ飬ΪҲ֪ϣǻʺ󣬻ǲϣǡ
ǺǣԣӦ˵ϣϣʺ󱻲ǣǡ
˵ţ㽫ҩƿŵ̫ҽǰ
ֻ̫ҽСصȡҩ漴ɫԱþ
ʥϣҩĵ֮
Ȼ֣ȻԾ̫ҽ˵
ʸûзӦ㣬ֻʺ󾪺
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ܣôᣬôʥϣҪݺ檣װʲôҩģʥϡ
ˣʺû޵˭ü
ʸһ£ĳǵȻʺĻš
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һ˺ƺƵѲ飡
һӵʱ䣬õʸԾѵϢ
ʱֻɻĿݹŮ˵׵̣͵ôãĻӵĳɫôҲ޼µġ
Ļ㹻ƿ£ʸֻ֪κһɶػǸԻӵֶΰˡ
ܣôΪλڱйѵֶҩ
ʥϣ檴Ӳ¶κ˰ʥϣһҪų檣ʥϡ
״ĹڵأͻȻˡ
ʥϣһǻʺݺ檵ģ檴Ӳ˶ҩʥϣոڻʺйѾѵ˶ҩʺһǼ¶ҪѲʥϡʥϣɲ˻ʺĵʥϣһҪΪ
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ʥȥѲ鰧ҵйû־綾᲻֪˭˸ڳĵ֪һⲻţ֪жҩݹΪλ֪ѵֻΪ𣿺ߣùˣңΪ˽綾ڳУ˲𣡣
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ݹڿ˵ݺ㣬ʲô֤𣿡ʺſԳ˵˵
֤֤ݱʺȫûΣյʶ֪һˣѵǻʺŵ𣿡
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ʥϣһҪų檣ڳ빬ôӲȥκһˣʥϽ購һӣҲ򲻸캦֮µġɽȴ˾ŵ¼СʥϣʥһΪʥϡ
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ǺǣǺܺãʺݹ൱ٽ˽ᡣȻ֤ȷ䣬ǱҲ޻˵ǣ޸Ӧ˽
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ˣĸµĻʺ͵µݹĽں󹬣û޵κ˶üǡ
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ʥϣôԾԩĳ檸
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ʱмǰȥܻʺݹ
ʥϣҪ̫󣬰Ҫ̫㲻԰ңʥϣҪ裬衭
ԶԶĳУصŻʺ˻
ĸ󡭡ĸ󡭡ʣĸ󵽵׷ʲôҪĸ󸸻ʣĸɣ
幫״ĹڻʸǰʱűߵĻʺʱŸʡ
ˣ幫ͻйʸ˵꣬תȥ
ʣʡ幫ŸʵıӰɵ
Ӧô죬ȥλʽ㣬һȥ̫
Ȼϲû̫ı仯ʸоƣ

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ΪʲôôӻӦĸҪϷ
ĵʸ죬ϥλλӣֻǲºɼĻ壡λڲĻӣλδ¼δܻز۵Ļ壬ǲ
Ůʸ죺
ǰʮΪһ֮ʮԵɺϴԽһ±ӤϣӤȻ߻ӡŮߵ£ΪΣǣԱѡһܳȨưͻӡһֱҿΪƷ֮աΪƷα,һȺڴˡҪɶӶ
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ȻΪʺĻӣӴĺ̨ĸȴʺֻһӣ׵ĬĬĳһУ
ʮ£ӿƪ[ʮ]ԣռһʯ
ʸصǬƽһθе¶Ȼһֱǹ¶ġ
߻ʶ߻ʶ߻ʶأ
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ūſɫʥһ죬ҲӦЪϢˣūȥޱǣ̫С˵
ˣȥʸԥ˵
ΪҪȥѰޣȥǸɻѵ߻ӡ

ӣֱӳϢʺݹʥĽں󹬣
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ˣҲܾˣҹˣȰЪȥɣϰ߻ʶסǬУ˻ʶ˻ˣ߻ʶǲϰˡο߻ʶҲܵ൱ľţʵģûкúõİοο߻ʶأ
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ʥʥϣǸǰ治뷨Ϊֻһĵǻʶ
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ŶǻʶǺǣ޵Ȼ֪Իʶĳ谮֮顣˿УҲһ˰ˣ
ʥʥϣ檲Ǵ⣡ʶ״̬ʮֵ쳣檵ǲѣʶвʣ˯ˣʵڲľŻʶ
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ǣԼãȫҪĸ˵ǹġ
ҲȫǳĸԵ
ոշ߻ȴʸŲ˵
߻ʶҹˣ£ųţġ

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ʮ£ӿƪ[ʮ]ռһʯ
Ȼⲻǻʸһα죬ַʽȴǵһΣþ첻Ӧ
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ѵ˵ֻΪ˰οܾȵ߻
Ǻǣ˻ʸ죬ǲǼأ
˵ǲܹ
Լôĳ谮Ծ˵ʸԶΣյĴڣˣΪǵǾʶΪݾĵ
ȻҲ֪ԼԿ޼ǣվǲͬġ
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Ϊ̫ˣǺǣһ谮ʶĺøء
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Сĺǿ˵ģο߻ӵĳ࣬ǰ
߻Ӵ˾٣ûʸĴáʲôĻҲδǺ¶ǻʸһθоȻʸͬʱҲڳŪԼ
һУԼŵ𣿲ҲԼҪ
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кܶ໰˵ģ˵һƶ
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ʵȫûŪʸĿģѵΪ𣿲ǲܣȫܣɻҲԲ²
οʵ˵оУ˵ûбûеģ޶Դ֮֡
ûж˵Ļʸпܻỳ߻ӡ
ǾǻʸĻ롣
ǻʸ˼òȻǣΪȻͻȻǺҪȡԼƼ򵥣ȴҲ⣬޷ش
ǲ֪ôش𣬶ôش⡣
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ǰǱͽʹ֮ʱ㱻常֪һ飬ҲһҲҪصܡʱ䣬÷ǳ۱߻ӡ
֪Ȼ߻ӱʲô֪ʵе
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ȴ˲棬ѵĲǣȴһ仰Ҳ˵ֻ۵һ߻Ӵ
ĸֻһһεΪԴԴϵˮֿЦı顣
֪Ȼةൣϵĸӵĵ
ĸҪٿˣٿ޾ͲƯˣ
Ϊˮץס߻ӵ֣Ц⡣
ʮ㿪Ĺ
ʶʶĸһʶĸĸÿģÿģ
һӵЩʱȻҲ˻ʸĴڡ
ֻĶ߻ӣΪ߻ӵ顣
ʶʶȻЦˣʶȻЦˣ
ǻϲȱբڰ㣬ֹס
̫ˣ̫ˣʶĸÿģ˸߶ةϢ
˵ة࣬ʱ뵽ʸ죬Ȼһֻ߻ӣʸллʥˡʶ
ʵʣ߻ΪͻȻ˵ˣ˵ĵһ仰ǻĸ
ʸһֱϸĿΪҲ֪ôһأڣܹ֪ģҲֻжة˱ǡ
ɣһӣֵصĺӣ
ʸ΢Ц˵Ȼһ£
ˣּ⣬԰磬ȫ󳼣
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ʲôǸư;Ȼ˵ˣʺԾ˵
ػʺǣʥϱڻҹΪ߻ͻȻڣʥĴã԰磬ȫ󳼣
ԭԭ߻Ӳưͣʺݺݵ˵
һӣȻʮ겻ڣ˭֪Σٴˡ
ڸձʥϽĻʺ˵Ǳضġ
ߣʥСưͳ谮мӣڵǣǻʹеСưˣ߻ӣ
ʺӵĺণ졣ǺǣҲһʱ
Ȼǻʺ󣬵ڹеĵλǴǰΪӾסǬʥݵλ֮Եߡ
ȻеˣʺжôĲУҲҪ
߻ӽãڰǲҲ֪߻Ӳư͵飡
Ȼʾ䣬ȴſ϶
ػʺõ߻ӿ˵Ϣ󣬱ʺ󲢱ʱӦδ
ʺˣɵԥ˻ȫ֮⣬ưͿ˵˵ģһУٴ뵽ǰһθе߻ӿµʱ
⣬ȻһоǱӣǸ˵ĳմӡ
ǰݹ°˻Ļڹʧꡣ߻ȴҲǰǬ
Ψû뵽Ľ
ǰ߻ӱסǬĻţ߻ɻ
ʱ߻ӵȷȡʤ߻ӿ˳أڡ
һлҪˣΪ߻Ѿˡ
ǶôĺЦǰסǬĻӣȻȫǱȡЦŪ֮ˡ
ǰˣǵˣ˭ʥ
ˣ̰ڼǰ
˭ֻǺ󹬵ɣʥôľʶ߻ӻΪӵİʯĻôأ

[]ǣ

ʮ£ƪ[]ǣŭ⣡

֪߻ѿ˵ϢʥĳԾͬʸһ㡣Ȼûг߻ദǣһֱڵȣ߻ưͣҲڵڵһ졣
ǵ濪ˣľͬĲڻʺ
ǺǣʲôֵأֲǻʺΪݶϻλֶΣͬģҲΪݶܹţֶΡ
ǸֻɫڣûʲôŻô߻أ֪߻ӵεƣģġ
ʥʺݵʱһū澹Ĳ
ʲôʺʥɵ÷ʵˣʺôأ
ǺǣǰңʥǳԾʺǲЦ˵
ʥμʺȻɻ󣬵ʥ̵ʺ
ҹˣ֪ʺﻹǰΪʲôż𣿡ʥֱ˵
šҲȷм飡ʺʥ˸񣬹ԥ
ʺֱԱǣʥ׵˵
ʥͬѰ㣬ȷʥ֪߻ӿڵ飬ص˵
ʥ˵з˼£
£ʺʥ֪
У˽֪߻ưͣ߻ӽãȻҲ֪ԽԽӣôʱ߻һ𣬵ֻˡ
ʥ׻ʺ˼ʺ˼ѵݶй𣿡
ѵʥ߻ưͶװģҲ֪𣿡
ʺĪҪ˵Цˣ߻ӿʮδǿɲһ׵Ļӿװģ
ǺǣʥȻȻһ㶼еԾ𣿡
ʺˣɵù͵ʥ˵
һ׵Ļӵȷǲܹװư͵ģǣΪأ
ʺʥʺԡʥ֪ʺΪζ϶߻αװư͵أ
ʥвɵðŻʺĿĵʲôֻΪӵΪΣݶѾˣлУΨһһӵȨƵĻӡ
Ϊǰɱ飬ĻڿǺûеõӦеȨơ
ô֪ܲ߻ӿˣʥϲصڻС
ʺͻȻֻҪἰ߻ӣвõԤС
ΪǸϢͬĺӣǰȻµĶһһĲ߻
Ҳɹ߻һʱʥĪʥ߻ӸŪƵģΪУûֶΡ
ȻΪ߻δһʱǲ֣ֲɣȻ
ԣŻ˷ĵ
ʺ˻棬߻ӿ˵ˣʥлʺǰ֪¿ǻʹһϲ°ʥһֱ߻ӳ谮мӣʥȻϲֹʥҲӦϲǡ
ʥ˲ɷ
Ǻǣʥ֮ǡҴҲʥΪһ⣬Ӧʲô߻ܹﰧҵ⣿
ʺͻȻ̬ת䣬΢Ц˵Ȼ֪ʥŮˣϷģȴû뵽˴ʱ˫֪Ȼܹȥ
ǣʥԽԽǲ⣬ûʺһ飬ǱˣӦ˵֪ϣʥҲһڻ߲ǡ
ǺǣȻˣҲͱʥҪԶлҪע⡯߻ӡ
ʱȻʺΪǶһ٣Ȼջġ
Ϊʺġ£ʥողļ˻ʺ
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ϊϲãʸһֱ߻ӡԴ߻ӿں󣬻ʸоĵã߻ȫһˣһ˼Ļӡ
Ȼɻǰ߻ӣȴȽϲڵ߻ӡḻ棬Ȼﲢ࣬ÿ˵һ仰һΣȴˬĸо
ǣˣЩԽܣָоǰ߻Ӳڹ
Ҳ޷һˣһӿڶ̶һھȻ췭ظı仯߻ǰʵҲǼٵ
߻ʶΪνſڣʸֱʵ
ʣ죬
첢ûлӦ⣬һݸ㣬͵ʸߡ
߻ڴ飬ʸȻԹԵ죬ҧһڣϸϸƷ
Ŷζʶʲôģ֮ǰʴӲԹ
鵤ҩʸصЦЦ˵
СС߻ӾȻд˰ЦݣʸȻĻﶼ˵
߻תĻ˲ʸЩԼԴ߻ӿںȻЩеж˼Χ߻ӡ
Ǻǣ鵤ҩѵ߻ʶʳ󣬱Ϳ˵˲ɣ
ǣ˵ļԣ˿ܻ˵
߻ʶѵͲұ۾֮𣿡
߻˵Ȼ棬ǻʸôء
ø۾֮ΪƭģѾƭʮꡣ
ʶ˵Ķʵʲ֪ʶΪʲôͻȻ˵ʵʶҲܺ氡ԲŻὫĴ
ʲôع˽Գʶл𣿡

[ʮ]ǣ

ʮ£ƪ[]ǣŭ⣡
ѵҪĿŻʶһֱǸƶ𣿡
ʸ첻ɵɻ
ʸͻȻ߻ӵĻ˵ʲôʲôȫûйϵ
Ϊʶڲԣ޷׼ȷ򸸻ʱ˼Żѡ˽Գģ
ʶ˼ûʶ˿ڣ
ȻǣոΪøƷζʶŹǰ˵ġʳԹ֮ûʲôرĸоأ
ɿڣµ㣬ƸеľƷʸʵص
ʶ֪һʶǽǶҲǻʶһɻʱԲŶ˽Գʴʶ˿Ʊϯת͸ة࣡
ŶʶкɻҪ⣿
ʸԾĿ߻ӣȫ߻Щʲô
ǰ֪ڸӲ֪ǣȴΪڵ߻ӸȤˣΪڵ߻̫ˣȫûϢλ
ʶһֱɻΪʶȱݵĻӣةǻʶľ˾ˣɶԻʶδҲ̫ЩɡʶܹĻ֣˻ʵһةԻʶмӣʶҲ⡣˲Ž˻̽һة൱ֻǵĶԻʶõĻǸʴ˿ƱϯةඨȻ£Ȼʶ븸ˡˡʶţ
ŶʶȻô˰㷽̽ة֮࣬
ʵʸ첢ûȫΪܾвĵط
ة߻Ƿģ¡
ʶ꣬Ȼɣʵʶһɻ븸𣡡
߻ͻȻˣСƢ˵
شʶɻ󣿡ʸ쿴ŵȷɵ߻ӣĻص
ةԻʶذΪǻʶľ˾ˣʶΨһǣȴҲǶԻʶ谮мӣΪιʣʶ֪ڸʵλУʶһʲôĴڡ
ƽڻһ£㽫ʶǬȥǬסУΪʶ󣬾ǾҲաѵǱǸҪĽ𣿡
ʸˣɵɻĿ߻ӣЩģΪ߻ӵˣٴα䵭߻ӡ
ɻӳԾΪ߻ӾȻ֪һУǷҲ֪һֱ˸أǣĵҲ뵽𣿾ʦŻˡ
Ϊʶ޵Ļӣ
Ȼʸ˵Ҳʵԣò⣬߻Ӹ
˻ʸĻ첻ɵЦˣ˵
ʵ˼Ϊϲʶˣ˵ţıŻʸĲӡ
ʸٴ޷Ӧ˵ڵ߻Ӳ̫Ʊˣ˲ϢĴ
߻ӵȷϲһӣΪࡣ
ɣڵ߻ĺӡ
ǻʸ֪п˲ıġ
ϲЦΪаЦӦ߻ӣǣЦȴһħ
Ӻܾǰо߻ӵĲѰΣգڳ֮һεᵽˡ
֪ʻΪλҪةԻʶǺξģøԣǸã
߻ǹⶵģʸԵ
ΪҲ֪ʵǶϲʶ
ԥ˵֪ʸţǣҲ˵ڡ
ڸϲʶķϣʱˡʶһΣʶҪһ죬ôһ죬޲ϲʶĻ
ǻʶҲϲˣʸ컰䣬ԥĻص
㡭ң
ʸЩյ˵ԾԼȻ˺ԥš߻ӡ
Ǻǣ߻˵Ҳ԰һϲһҪնԴء
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

һ磬ة붫Ҵ
ߵ˵ˣ𣿡
ةڶˣݵʵ
ة࣬ģģʶ˵ˣʶ뱾˵ĵһ仰ǻĸ
ϲ˵˽һϢةࡣ
ȴҲΪĺϢҹδߡ
ߵ͵ةฮΪģˣ˹֮򲻿µģ˵ߵ£¡
ãã
ʥϴʶ˿Ʊϯɵ˿Ǳ£ŵʶϾףв֪µ
״ˣȥߵ£ֻ̼߻ӣ֪˵߻ʲôģ˵ֻ
׵õϢ󣬱ӦϲǣǸȴǱֵľֲ
ɼƷתŮУתҴȥ
վסĪȥʥݣֹ
ʥô˻
ةԾʵʥ϶߻谮Ϊ߻ưͣ߻˵ˣǸӻǵע⣬ʥȻǡ
ʥϴˣһֱڻʱ磬糯ʱ䣬ʶ̰˯ԲҪȥʥʶ
˼˵ʥߵ޹
ةŹ˵ΪʲôϷ𣿿ǻϲûбֳʲôر쳣˵ֻǵϲ߻ӣΪ߻˵ˣΪʵ̫ϲ
ة಻Ҫǣһֱأ
Ȼ˵ʥϻʶĳ谮Ҳȴֲ֪Ӧθ߻ʶǸˣʥҪĻ˭Ҳֹˡ
侪֣ϲܻʶĿ֡
ة࣬ʲôʱſԸ߻ʶ߻ʶ
߻ӿ˵ˣȻֵϲͬʱҲСĲǣ߻ӱϾС

[һ]𣺺磡

ʮһ£ƪ[һʮ]磡ǣŭ⣡

ةĿ簡ʸ쿴Ȼ˯߻ӣ
΢ʥ
ǺǣҲգҲգҲӦ糯ˣ
ϲʥϣϲʥϣ
ŶϲޣϲޣǺǣϲӺʸ˿Ϊ˵
ʥϼΪ谮ߵͻȻԣϲ𣿡
Ǻǣǰ˵ϲ¡
ʸȻ˵ΪţȻ֪飬ةô֪ܲأ
۾װ˯ȴԷһ֣һ䵭Ҫ»ʸ죬ǻʸΪɻ󣬹
߻ʶȥةฮʸĵ˵
ʥϣǣȮߵ¶һǰȥΪϲ
ŶٿˣӦ߻ʶͷݺǰȥġ
ʶƵߵܹǰȥʹ΢ʤмߵѴޱȹصĺ΢֮΢֮ǽǺߵ¡
߻ʶͳջصĵĪǲة⣿
ʥϣƷ̫أ΢޸ãƷȫҲֻߵһ˷õã
һֱһߣɻĿŸ״˵ľ֣֪Ʒʥߵµģǣʥ˿Ļȴ͸¶һ⡣
šʱͻȻһڴǷ
Ǻǣ߻ʶˣ޽㳳𣿡ʸתڴϵ߻ӡ
߻ģͬʱһĽģɢʵĳ⡣
ʣ簡ɨ۹ڵصة붫ǶųԾԼ첻ɵõЦЦȻ΢Ц
˾Ҳ簡
ߡߵ£
߻Ӷĳƺةྪ˵Ȼԣ߻һڿǡ
磡ֹĳĿĶ
˾ôȫڵأˣ콫Ƿ
΢ʥߵ°Ъ
ʶûӾ˾˾ţ˾˺αڴӹǣ
ةֻǿţΪ߻ӵΪǵΪ
ʵһǶ߻Ů飬߻ӵ߻ӣǶ˽ߵʥ϶ԣô᲻֪أ
㲻֪һŮܹƭãһꣿꣿҲ߻ӿ֮ʱΪʮ߻ӣȫһŮˣ
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
԰
ϲʥϣϲʥϣʥϺ鸣죬ߵ²ܵıӻ
ʸ쳩ĴЦţ˿ԼϲãڻЩЩ糯ʱ֪Ѿ˶ٱˡȻõףصĲǻʸ죬Ȼжةࡣ
֮УǶ䰡Щϲ²ϡӻ߻ԣ乧ϲʥϣǾøӦùϲةǣ
ｫⱾǶҴңةಢίӦ
ة࣬ȣӿ߻ӣ߻ӿΨһĺӣ
ｫӦ֪Щʲô
ة϶˵Ϊͬһλãȴֲͬ
ǺǣةαǫԵ߻ӲܹΪةοʥ߻ӳ谮мӣةӦϲǡ
ϲֻߵΪף
ʥɽѵة໹ߵ֮ǲɣｫɵõЦ
οԱ֮⹬вܹߵ£
ｫ˵ţ㵭ĿǸڻʸߵ߻ӡ
Ȼ߻棬ÿһζ̵ӡ
Ҳֻǽ߻ӵһͨĻӰˣ仹һưͻӡ
ǰȴ޷ͨ顣
߻ͻȻˣҲ̫ǡǻʺݹʱ䡣
ǰȻ߻ߵĶˣ߻ȴǺδ𣬰ľ
ǰǼ飬ݹֻСжݹȴܵôصĳͷ
ʺĽǲᵽôԵľƣҲ򲻻ὫʺҲĽġ
ʱһֱɿӰ֣Ϊյ
һʧܵľ裬֪ˣʥϲûʥκδȻ֪Ϊû֤ݣΪʥҪĽ
¼У߻ǰݵʲôɫأʥ϶߻ӵĳ谮Ǽ٣Ĺؼ
仳һةΪֱΪʥ߻ʥϿ߻ӡװơ
ֻǵɨŻʸĸλɣڳ
Ϊ߻صʢУȴɱȻ֪жô߻أǾлӵɣһϣ߻
⣬ܻһˣǶةࡣȻ֪Լݣȴǲةͼ
Ǻǣ쵹Ǻ֪󶫷ةʲôѡǰ߻ӣ߻ӣԺأ߻߻ӣǱ߻ӡ
ʥϣҿ߻ױǴˣǲȴҲһֱΪΪδ߻˲찧ˣһжİţ߻ӿྡҷϱ񣬹߻ӣҲף߻Զʺ˵ţ㽫ϡ
ǺǣʺһƬ߻ʶ°ɣ
ʸ쵭Ц˵ʹ֮УʺǼΪ˵ģǣÿһεΪҲĿĵģ԰˻Ҳһġ
лʺذ컺ӹУ˵
ʸɻĿ߻ӣһȤ飬Ȼ¶Ϊʱ硣
һֱһ߻ӣڣ滹ǰһΪΪͿ߻κα仯
߻ʶ򿪿ʺͺιƷʶ𣿡

[]ϣ

ʮ£ƪ[ʮһ]ϣģ磡ǣ˭˭Ψһ
ʺ͵ģȻǹޱȵƷ븸Ϊʶɣ
ԥǾµУȴǵЦŶԻʸ˵
ǺǣҲգʸԥ£漴ˬ˵
΢ЦŽзŵʸУ˻ʸ쿴һһ
Ŀ߻ӣ˵ĸоԴ֪߻ӿںȴδܹ˵һ仰
һֱϸĿ߻ӵһһǸӲЦ߻ʵܣȻԸЦǰЦһִӵһʶ߻ʵֻһӰˡ
ͬʱҲоˣ߻ʵֻһˣǱǸʣ븸˵ʱᣬ΢Цһ߻ʵҲֻԸһ΢Цתʱɫ˲ָģ
ͻȻ䣬ӸоԼֲɵòţһյĲ߻ʵܲģٻῴһۡ
ΪʲôֻΪ𣿻бԭ򣿶߻ӵĿڣԤϣֻû뵽ѡڴʱڡ
ΪʲôأѵΪȥֶĽȥʱ߻ʵܾȻ˿û̬
ֻΪԼѡ˴Ӷôֻ֪ԼƭԼ
߻ʵȻǱȽ׺ģǣȸʶԣȴ޷Ტ۵ģΪ߻ʵ⸸ʣ⣬һ
Ǹأ֪Ĳ֪ʶ߻ʵʲô˼
Ҫ֪Ҳǰģʶ߻ʵܾԵǱȲ߻ʵ֮ΪʿԿκһȥûȨƣûĻӣǲӦôģ֪
ʣþƷǺ쿴ڵһʵķŰ׹Ρ
ǺǣʺǷˣȻ߻ʶ˾ļ֮
Щ˼ʲôֻҪ߻ϲұˡ
߻ĴǼ⣬˵ĸоǴȥȴǷǳʡ
ʶþɵļ⡣б˰аЧáʺȻʹʶǶȻϣʶƽһġ
ʸȻ˵ȴɵð룬̶ʱ䣬ʺתԲɣȻǣǽΪ޶Ĺ
ǺǣʺôŹأֻ㾡֮ˣԵǲײĲᡣ
ǣҲȷǺܺ棬ʺأ
ʥοĿ߻¼⣬Ǳ빬ʱʺáƷȻֻһɣҪ˵ڻʺУκУҲ޷һʥϳ谮Ļȵġ
֮ԥϽʺɵģΣȻǻʺȡأȨǻʺΪ˼¡ˡ
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ӻ緵أȻоյеƷһΣΣԲϰԴָ
ӣкηԸ˿л̹ǰڴĿ߻ӡ
ڴʲôأȻΪ߻ȻͻȻˣȴӲκ˵κһ仰Ȼǳ⡣
֪̺߻Ѿʱˣǵһʱͼһ飬Ǳ߻ӲǴеĿ֮˵֪߻ӻῪڵģֻû뵽ڴةฮ֮ʵ벻ʲô¿߻ôĸı䡣
ĽǶȣԼҲ޷ǰڻЩЦԻʸ죬߻ӿԣȫһӶԸʰ㡣
ʥϾ߻ر˼߻˵ʥʲôأ
ɨ˼ķ˿һۣһǰȻš
¡
ӣ˿ȫûµ˼ɻ˵
ūŽЩθ𣿻ӣӣǻʹеĶû˸Ҫ
㣡ֱѩ飡ɨ˷˿һۣȴǵ˵
٣ϣūлӣ
˿ͻȻϲ˵תȥոתȥȴٵתСʵ
ӣѵӽôصƷ͸ūʹðⲻҪūǵС𣿡
ȻΪһӶ˵ϲСҪˡ
Ǳ˰ɣ첻㵭˵
ڷ˿Ȼ첢ȥ˽ݣǣȻǰʱȴڹУȻĿַȻҲһǰģǱġ
⣬ǰɣӣôصΣ˶ϧūΪӱŰɣ
ӣʱѩǰ
û߻ʱ̬ӱѾߵ߻ǰ
쿴ӣ㲻ǽڶMںϲͣıȻţţѰģ㲻ȡ
һԲĿ߻ӣǿȫ߻ӣӦ߹Ů̬
ҲһԲĿ߻ӵһһڵ߻ӣһӣ񡭡,񡭡
ֻǴʱ֪Ϊλ߻ʵһֱǰģֻΪǴСʶ֪Ϊ߻űûеĶҲתԭ

[]ϣ

ʮƪ[ʮ]磡ǣŭ⣡

ȶ°ɣ
֮󣬾ûҵرΣ˺ѡ
ȷЩھУҲֻЩˡ
֮дΪֻúõĹ۲Ӷѡ
ߡ߻ʵܣ߻ĵľֹӾȻɵĻŵ
ˣ֪ǰ£쿴Ҳӣʵ
߻ʵܣˣӲɵյ˵
ˣŶʵܵûоá˵
˵ȷû䣬һֱ˵ģֻǰֻģΪҲǼ򣬶ڣֻǽչǰ
һ֣֪ͬͲˣֻ޷ڶʱڽܰˡ
ǺǣʲôأһذĽ֮ĵĻʵܣͻȻԸ˰Ľ֮
Ǻǣȷǰڱġ
ΪҪأȻΪʸҲⰡ
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Ӹȷ߻αװƶģȻҲһֱܹڵĵһ仰Ƕ˵ģǣһжˣ߻ų
ѵΪҪ߻ʵܲҲͲסˣ
ϣǣǣٿ֤߻ʵܵУĵλϵģͬʱҲ֪ݳޡ
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һޱȵ𣿸ո˲Ļ㱣Ϊ߻ʵ׽͸дŮҵĽģҲһֱĵһҪԭ
߻ʵŮͺˣʲɵڴε˵
ǺǣǰĻʵҲ㲻֮ˣϧ
ȷǿϧεĽԵϧʲôأϧǡǣΣ
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δδֻԾãѡ˻ĺȥˡ
ݵĻϲ˵
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ɨϲõ飬Ͽҵ˵
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ӵͻȻõԱ
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¾ʮ꣬ǿѪΣԽʶĿȷһMҪӡҲԣӵͨһѪ
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Ȼں߻ﲢ࣬Իʸ˵Ѿ㹻ˣΪ߻ֻʱֵرܣȫûĻӰ㣬žηһּ򵥵Ŀ֣ûʸе棬ΪּڻʹУһĴڡ
ȻǰʸӲϸ߻ӵ޹εĵȴҲ˽ģڵİԲͬΪͬģǴƷİڷš
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ţʸ߻ӵĳ谮ΪԼ˭߻Ŀʲô޷Ӽǰٵǰ⣬ڵĸ⡣
ȻΪʱʱ߻ΪԼա
죬ģǣȻĲ£Ȼ߻˼ܣϾֻһӵĺӡ
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˵Ļһ⡣οѾˣ
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ڶգȷˡֱ쳣һʺйأ
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첻ǲߵˣΪߵˣȫǹˣܵĹˣŶԣȤЩȻҲ֪ΪνȤʱжСĿܡ
ǰֻ˶ʮ꣬ԼҲ죬ʱӦģҪеʱ䶼ԼΪκ˶
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ȻҲΪҲ޷˱Ȼ˵Ļʹ֮УܹˣǾġ
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źһк󣬱Ҳǰڻʼ԰ֶС֮ʱ
ӵļٳգ֪ǴΣȴЩԻ󲻽⣬Ϊǵ߻ʵܵĻӦûἫ˵μԲǣûУұֵ̫ԡ
һֱԼ˽ģ죬ԥˣΪʶ˽ҲֻһƬ档
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ʱҹĸоĵδתֻǱ
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ŵǻת߻ӣ̬ȫͬӲͬ
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ʮƪ[ʮ]]ˣϣǣ
ԾĿ
ѵûз𣿡ɵøӳԾƾ߻ӵڹΪӦ͸оǡ
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ϿҵĻصеƷʳرע⣬ɲûб¶ļ󣬵Ȼ֪һʺйصġ
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ʵʱеĪƣҲδü⡣
涾ԭͽ֪𣿡߻ӵĲ⣬ɵɻ
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˶Ծ綾ͬʱҲǼԾ綾
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ʺյķԸȥڱΪʥϣҲΪԼ
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ΪʲôأѵʥĽλ߻𣿲ܣģ֮λҲֲ߻ӣةֻｫᲢۣȴԶԶȲļġ
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ڣҲ޷ˣΪӶ߻ӵ⣬Ѿע⣬ǸΨһĵõʵȨٳմӣҵĴӣȴδõ֤ʸ꣬Ҳɴҹ治Ǹӣ
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ӣĹĹʸ԰
컺תɨʮ꣬Ĺڻʸĵ뵽ϾһŮܹô꣬ǲ׵ġ
ԻʸԵģȻҲ֪ʸһעν߻ӵһһ
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ףǲ幫˵һ˲߻ΪΪԸΪĲչ
ںĶעУ߻ĺ棬Ȼһֱ֪ӲЦôУʶôĶҲûŵΪοһӣӦøɸ߸ϡ
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ڲͬˣһĻӣҲһرܵʶĻӡ
ôĻӣ߻ȴǸΨһһԱֳ谮֮ģ߻ӵ޹ҲǸΨһ޹ӾǶεġ
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չ֮ʱչ㣿
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Ψһ־ȹ߻ʵܣӲΪûʸ
ĹʹԼܹȴıǵ˼˳ԶʹľȥҲ޷ġţ߻ʵõĻ߻ʵһܹΪıܷۣ
߻ʵܡĹûеõӦǿ߻תȥʹɵóԾеѵ˵ʲôʲô
ֻһ䣬ǹ
߻˵Ҫڷ絲꣬ȴǳ
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Ǭ
ʸĪķ꣬Ϻõǵһĸо
߻ʶҲ˲漣ر泩
˵߻Ӿһҩ
ˣݣǰٽˣҪȥ߻ӡ
ʥϣʱһ̫༱ҴСĽ
šʸɻɨ̫ࡣ
ʥϣʺԸūŴһ˫˶׸ʥϣ
ţʺ󡭡ʲôˣʸȫס
һ˶ʺ˵ʥϼһĴõģ

[]𣺿ˣ

ʮˣƪ[ʮ]ˣϣǣ
Ǭ
Ŷ޵Ҫʺϵʲô˶
ʸȤ˵ǧʺϵˣȴǵһΡ
ʥҪټλӣ
̫ϸͲʮꡣ
ߵʥϣʥ꣡ΨΨŵŵĹڵء
˶ո̫˵λӣʸ컹ɻ󣬿ɿڽµĵȷλ꣬ʸȴ˵ĸо
̧ͷʸ˵ʺ˼ǵòʱʸ컹ǲɵóԾ
쳣꣬ʸĿǿݣΪپȻ߻ӣͬŮࡣ
ʸ˲ı仯ţ˵Ǻǻ
Ǻǣȷһ˫˶ɣ޵
ʺ⣬ʸڲ֪
̫ʺԣʥĴã˳ȥ
ʥϡɵĽ˵

ʸ쿴ǵ飬ɵôЦ
ɴӲ߻ϿǸµСȻ쳣ḻˣʱ߻̫飬˵߻ףô˰飡
ǵģ߻Ӳͬǣ߻ӲҪ̬ȫע
߻һĻǽһʲôĹ⾰أȻڴţڴſ߻Ҳܹǰչֳ̬
ʸ޳ָĻ꿡ϣǵĴԵ
߻ӣϸĶ˿ȴһ㶼߻ӣΪǵ̬߻ǾԲ̬ġ
Ǹ侲޲ʲôʱŻ⡭
ǵĸоȻ崿ȴһֶ֮С
ʸʱвǳԾϲյķ֣Ȼ˵߻ӣ֪ǣֻҲ޷ܡ
ΪǼֱоޱȵ߻ʶ߻ʶӿںġ
ΪʲôΪֻҪҼ̹г裬Ū̬
ȻҲ᲻÷֣Ҫץסࡣ֪ץģǰꡣ
ʥϡʹģԥţֵ
ǺǣŪʹ𣿡ʸЦһ˿У⡣
ûûŻص
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Դϴ߻Ӳ֮һֱ޷ͻ
߻ʵ̫ĸı䣬޷ܡοٴڻ߻ʵ޹ҹϢǸǿ㣬Ҳʹԥǰ
¶Ҫȥʱȴһ̫Ǭ
ģǵòʱȴôƲŲ
ΪʲôʾȻҪꣿ᲻֪
ȻڻϴԶҪ߻곤꣬߳һͷò߻ʵƵòʶʲô£
֪𣿿ǵһο˵ټ꣬ǾʹŸʲ߻ʵܵķӦ߻ʵ֪
Ѿͻ飬Ҫ£ʮ֮ʱ
ȥʲôʺҲȥʲôĸҲǼµʱˡ
ȻҲ֪ڼ䣬ܹô֮УΨһʵȨĻӣҲǴӡ
ǣҲΨһûк̨ĻӣԻʺ󲢲ڶԸӦܸ֮ʳ谮߻ʵܡ
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ţֻҪ߻ʵԸ⣬һ߻ʵܵģ
߻ӵıӰĹ϶˵
Ҫʲô쵭˵
˭ģ챾ģֻҪӰ쵽Ϸɡ
ڲͬˣΪϷ̨ʱпݵԣƽϡ
ֻǲϷҪʱܹʱ
ǺǣҪʸܹˣȥϷȥҪֹͣϷʱҲпᡣ޷ѡᣬᡣ
ֻ߻ʵȡʱŹ˻ʵһʸ˵
ȴǲɵòţΪ߻ӵĻӦǡǡ֤ʵĲ롣
߻ȡ˰˻ʵܵĻ˻ʵͱǰ԰УȻ߻ʲôķţ߻һ
˻ӵֵǶ٣
ĵʵĹδҲ̫߹˻ˣˡһҲҪΪҪ̫ʧźãԼ⣬˭ûơ
߻ʵΪ˻ʵܵӦֵ٣
ʸԥʵ˵߻ͬļֵΪ޷߻ӵͼǰÿһӶԱ߻ȴΪԱΪˡ
֤˻ʵܽȻ߻ʵܵһţ㹻
һ𣿺ǺǣƾʲôĿĹ˵
ֻĵ˻ӹͬĸ򣡡
Ȼ߻ʵ֪Ӧøžǣ
߻ͬĻĹɵ˵ʱװ˷
֮ԾȾ˻Ӳ޹ϵֻΪǹĻʽ㣡
쿴ŻʸͻȻҲ棬ȴֲʧᡣ
߻ʵܣĹˣֹס˳Ϊ֪߻˵ġ
ڰ˻ʵܣڱ˺ֻǲ֪ԺıʣоڣҲˣ
Ժ߻ʵܵķԸģ
߻ĵһ߻ӣҲ˸ʡ
һҪ߻ʵܣ

[]𣺿ˣ

ʮţƪ[ʮ]ˣϣǣ򣡽еס

ʺһֱѰò߻ʵ֮ˣ

첻ɵɻǺ⣬ȫ뵽ֻû뵽¾Ȼǳ֮ʺ֮֡
ѾѰ꣬͵Ǭȥˣ
ŶǺǡ첻ɵõȻЦЦ
߻ʵܣʺ˴߻ʵܣ
ˣǻӣʲô˶Դ˵ģ
㲻ǻӣҲֻ˿ԴĴڵģгһգ뿪˻ʹҲй߻ӵĴ档
ǡ
ʵʸ֪ģʺ⣬ѾʮҲΪ˸ʶ߻ʵܵر֮裬¶ĵġ
ܹ˶ڱҲʵǱң
ô᲻أֻǽ˭Ҳװˡ
Ĺ뿪ɨۻʸתȥ
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ոĹȴ֡ӭӡȻ뵽ֻû֮졣ȫûпҪ֮˵ľ򡣺ǺǣҰҪΪˣҪ־
æôʱ䵽أ
챾ӵģǿһֱĿԼþĲ
ȻӶˣĸı䣬ǴǰԼ񣬾ףֻǲףúõһӣΪִ˶ϵĻʵܡ
Ȼ֪ӵʱڣΨһ顣
߻ʵܣĿ죬жǸʸӵһĻ
ʮĻӣӦһˣʮʱ򣬱Ѿȫ˳˵磬еĻӿǺ󣬱ܳʽҲһֱڵȴ߻ʵ֮ܵʱ
ڣȴҲ޷ȴˣΪٵȥ߻ʵܱᱻ˶ȥȻһֱġ
ڻǸӣӦûСʱһǣֲǣ
ʸ˵ţ֣ȥ߻ӣ߻ӵһǣȴı⣬һѽ߻Ӹ
ԾĿӵΪֹɶǿ΢ЦʱֻĿ
߻ʵܸЩأΪλô᣿
ʮߵӣ߻߳ͷԾڵߣǿز
ʲҹˣҲΪ߻ʵܿں󣬴Ӳʵ潻һûᣬֱڻ߻ʵҹ̸
ˣɵĳԾԲͬȻֱӣģȴǵһΡ
ˣ֣岻̫޷ҹ̸
Ŷ߻ʵ岻𣿻ôӲ˵
ʧգ߻ʵܲʲôģ㸸ʣѵͲ𣿻˵УĲȻǰ󲻳ɣ
ѾգҲΪˣſڻ鱾ġ
Ŷԭˣ˵ţһԵʯϣ߻ӷĴϡ
ƣȻ㲻϶ôǵΣӵֳࡢ㡢þеڡ
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жŻ֣
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Ϊ߻ʲôûлӦֻĮԶԣʹӸա
ȻĽӣ֪߻ʲôȴǰװ֪
г衭˲ɵóԾ漴ķӦȴʼϲġ

첻ɵôЦһκ޹˼ķЦ
һĴЦȴЦҡҷˣһǧĵĴ
ΪЦĹò˫ֻסӵĲӣļͷǰ
ó߻ʵڳŪȴףԼ˵Ĵ
߻ʵܣ߻ʵܡ
ӲɵýеҪֹס߻ӵЦеĸоһͶͱĴҲָġ
Ϊ߻ʵܴһ󣬾Ͳϲ˱Ȼ˸⡣
뵽ˣӲɵһŭٴϮͷ
ֹסЦ˿ĿӣȻǳദĿԣҲǰˡ
ӿ߻ӵ仯÷ḻԣʣҲɵһĨŨŨЦ⡣
ǵ߻ǹĻɫɵñ
ʱӣ
˵ţջرӲϵһֻ֣Ȼӵӣĸ
㡭㡭߻ʵܣҪ˵ִ˰Цɺͳ
ŬĽ˵ȴ߻ӸŪʱ˲ɫһ˵ɫ
ھУǼģһֱǣʸ죬Ҳʥ
ʱһ˿ʵ⣬ȴٵġ
ͬԼһ㣬֪ʲôʱʵԼֻԼĸо

[ʮ]𣺿ˣ

ʮƪ[ʮ]ˣϣǣ
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ҲǰǴӣΨһʵȨģ߻ʥΪ谮Ļӣһеıֵȷûвܡ
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ʸ챾첻ȥҹģΪ֪߻֪гʲôķӦǴʱȴõϢ
⼸ӵɱ䣬Ӧ˵Ӳûб䣬ֻ˲֪ˡ
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ˣ̰ڼݣǰ

[һ]𣺿ˣ

ʮһƪ[ʮ]ˣϣǣ򣡴

ʥϣԾĿŻʸ죬ԤУΪʸһǰ
檹ӭʥ
ɣʸҴҵ˵ûѲʸӰ
ҴҰڼݵʸȲĸ߻ӵ޹
Ҳ᲻֪ȴȻ֪Ӧΰ죬ʥ϶Իʶĳ谮̶ѾԶԶĳֵĳ谮ΰοԼӦú˼룬ʥϵǷ˻ʶݣӦôأ
ôУԼ߻ŮΪĻʶһ㶼ڱĻӡ
ܹμʥϣҲ˻ʶĸ
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ĸʶãĸصǣ쿴Ǿδ飬İο
飬ȴҲ쳣ĸӵģΪһУǲͬġ
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ʥΪȥ˻㲻˵ʥϿȥ𣿡
ػʺʥϵȷϲ֣ūתʺ˵ʺ΢ȴ֪ΪΣʥͻȻȥ˻
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ǣȴҲһ˵⣬Ǹ⣬ʹʹھ״̬

[߶]𣺸

ʮƪ[ʮһ]ˣϣǣ򣡴

ΪʸĹϵղûڻҹҲǾҪĽ
ھ޹йҹĻҲұ֤ʲôᷢҹ̸Ļ˵ʲôɫĵĻϧС壬ֻܿܳԡ
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㻹Ҫضã
漴һӰ˲ھ촲ߡ
Ҳûʸ죬һ֣߻ӴӴϷ
ԭͽ֪ΪʦˣΪҪǰò˵أ
ӻʸո˯ʱţѧΪܹˣ֮УҲˣ߻֪أ߻ӵ־ԣҰ޵԰㡣
Ȼ뿴Ǳ㿴ǣ
֣ҲɵȥȴһĵϣԾ´ȥ
ͽСĵԵĵǵ
ȻǸֵĶ²˴ɣ
쵭˵ǹ飬ɵõЦӣĳð飬ϻ
쵭ȻЦţ㷵ȥ
ͽǿЩ뿪ʱԽãԽ
Ŀ߻ӣȻǵǡ
ǰԽãԱԽȴĶôãĺ𣿡
߻ӵٴ˲ı䣬ɿʼʱ΢Цʹ಻
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Ϊǰ׷һˣܹȻԸźܴı仯ƵòҪţ֮νԵ֡
ֻǴͬˣΪԶ׸ġ
㣬ֱǺ֣
˵ţҪȥȴû߻ʵκλӦֻͨһɵŤͷȥѿ߻ӵڵϡ
ͽͽ˲ԥұ֤߻ǲ׽Ūǿ߻ǻҰ޹ʵ񣬲ɵٴξʧ롣
ԣҩЧˣʦ̴ͽ뿪
˵ţǰæ߻ȥ
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һ磬ҳһţ˵߻ӵ޹һţ
ʶʶʶѰʶ״ıŻԲѵ߻ӡ
ʥϣʥϣʥϡҪų檰ʥϡ
߻ӣĻ߻ߵĻʸ졣
̫ҽ̫ҽءˣ̫ҽʥϣʥϡ
ž״˵ô߻ʶСĽ
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Ǹ޷常߻ӵһʲôˡ
ô찡ӦǺã
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ʮƪ[ʮ]ˣϣǣ򣡴򡭡

ʺ㣬㡭ʥʶ߳ŭ˵
ôܲ׻ʺ˼ʥϲʶʶȻ顣
Ҳ֪Ҳʶ鷳ǣţȻʥϲʶȻᱣʶ
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ſŵĻʺȴǱʹĻ߻ӡ
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ʮģƪ[ʮ]ˣϣǣһ񣡴

ʶʶҪĸ𣿻ʶôʶ
Ű̫ҽԣ׵Ƿʲô£ֻʶ԰ȻΣȫûаգ߻ӣΪʥȻԲѡ
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ʱ֣߻һ죬ˮδȻţȴҲʱ̵ڴŵȴ߻ӵʱʧԽԽƲסԼ
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ʮ壺ƪ[ʮ]ˣϣǣ򣡴

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ݶôƵĸҩôܻнҩأ
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ʺһֱŻʸ죬żģ߻ʱȥ
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[]𣺸

ʮƪ[ʮ]ˣϣǣ򣡴
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Դӷй֮ݹһԲ
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һУʹˣֻ֣Ҫȴʱɡ
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ʮߣƪ[ʮ]ˣϣǣ򣡴

ʥأǲҲˣȻԾݹȻʵ
ʥȻԲѣҲǸոյõϢϢѾڻʹдˡ߻ƽ£
⵽ôһ£ݹŹ˵ıʥƽ£ʵȴ౳УܹģҲӦ߻ӡ
ùã߻ӵǴ˵е֮𣿡
ɻʵѵǴ󲻳ɡ
ѣǷ񣬹ùò϶ҵ˶ùòû֤ȻǽȻһݡǣ߻ӵˣֵٰʢʱգõ֤
ףֻɻʥϻ᲻Ҳ֪أھ߻Ӷʥϱûɲ
ǺǣԼǣ˿һжʥһֲ߻ģֻǲ֪˴εĽʺΰ죿
ùãҲΪжΣʥϼȻܹԼҲڣҲǶԻʺ󡭡
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ݹɵõЦֻͬʱҲһ㣺
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һֱԥţ߻ӣɻ߻ӣȻ֪׷ʲô¡
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ǽһУֶǺιʣ߻ˣϲ쳣ֱ߻ųĸоʵˬ
ĸչ˻ʶһˣȥЪϢɣظ
ѣĸع
ǣӣ
ʶĸڻʶ߰ɡ
߻Ȼ׽ȴΪβԸ޹أʥǿԵġ
ʶʥϵȷҲ׺Ϊʥ϶ʶǣ˵ǲͬġ
ĸͣʶʵۡʶѻָĸعڵǡֻҪĸЪˣʶҲᵣĸˣ
쿴˵
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Ҳ֪ԼҪ˵ЩʲôΪԼоʶйء
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̹Ȼ˵һжﵽԼͷϣʺǸŮˣȻݺĸǿЦ֮
ǺǣҲǰӻʺӦСĵΪϣԿʲô¶أһŮˡ
ĸʶⲡ֢ܴȾ֮󣬶գʹذʶһֱڻʶ޹ԲŻᵼ¸ȾʶͬĲ
ʶʶȾʲô
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΢ҲǴߵµ޴󰭣ʵӦòлˣ
Ǻǣ̫ҽҽ˴ٸˬȫû֮С
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ȥתة࣬˵лΪѰ̫ҽҽ
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ӹ˵оգһֱ˿˵գΪҪ߻ʵ̬ܶȣʱʱȡ
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ΪǰҲ֪һֶΪҿΪ߻ʵܵǲѡ
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ۿˣٴʶԼ޴ôͻǰأ߻ʵô֪ܲأ
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߻ʵϲҸΪʵϼӹתƻ⣬ֱʵ
ʻԲѣôһ£֪߻ʵһ֪߻ʵҲøʾʹ˻ȥ
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Ǭ
ҹˣʸ㡮˯һ죬һУͬһ£Ǳ߻ӡ
ҧгݵʹҲϲá

[߰]𣺸

ʮˣƪ[ʮ]ˣϣǣ򣡴
Ǭ
߻ˣȻ硣ŵģһֱǣͬŵġ
ʸ첢ûʶܾ߻岻ʾ򵥣Ҳ˵ĹС
˿浱ϲǸ˼߻ʶأеĻҪϲԣϲòΰ룡
ֻһʲôıϴĪˮʵϲģΪҪġ
أԼҪģȴԼٴγΪ˼еһʱʸķŭ
ǴӼʱָʶأȻһֱΪԼС
Ǻǣź߻ʱʱͻȻеһĻţǣȴ޷۾Ҳܹ˵
Ϊʲôܹǲ뿴ʲôʲôΪܿ죬ʺʺ֪㡣
ʺ˼رأ
˼ҲǻʺԵʰɣǺǣ֪𣿴ӻʺСĵǬУ֪˻ʺ⡣
Իʺ߻ʶǸʤһԼҲ߻ʃϣЩҪ־͹ԼˣˣŻܲǰ
ȻڻʺС֮ǰʸоֻ޷ȷΪ߻ӵ޹У˯̫ʰˣȻΪһȫҪôĵ˯ʱĲǣǻǰ⵽ɱַʽģϰʱΪΣȴҲ˷ܵʱ̡
ѵǺЩУȫָо
ȻֻǴǰʼˣ߻ʶʱ״η֣߻ʶȻôɰµС˶Ժ߻ʶڡ
ǺǣһȻͷôĿЦҲǶô˼ڣεˡ
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Ŷ˯һ죿ʸԾ˵
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߻ʶΣŻʺҪҴȥӰʵ
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ŶȻд£߻ʶҲһ죡
ʸٴιԾ˵ȻȴǿҲûʺ󣬵˵
ʺȥּ⣬һ춼ˣ߻ʶҲǣ߻ʶǰš
⣬ʥϡκ˶Գ룡οʥһδţĪҪ塣
ʺΪѵ߻ǰһ̫ɣΪҪʺʥһ߻ӵ£ѵ֪ԼЩΪ߻ӣɣôܣʱʺţһʥϿ߻ģֻǲʥ⡣
ʲôĸΪ㻪
ʥϣѵʥڻ޵𣿡
ʺɵóԾڵĻʸȻ£ȴʲô¶ǵð㡣
ԭˣѵʺ˼ȥɣʺǰȥּ⣬߻ʶǰǣԻĸ󽻴
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߻ʵܵû£Ȼĵǰȥ߻ӣȻˣɻ
εΪΣѵֶҪ𣿡
ֻǣֻżεˣ̫ҽ˵úõʱ䣬ָ
쿴ӵľֹȻ˵
㡭ˡҪס
߻ֽʺļںδ
ˣͻȻ䵭첻Ը
߻ʵ֪֮ܿܲԻε
ӿ߻ӵ飬ɵøеһϮͷ֪ǲ֪
ģ˵ţǿ߻޹
֣ڸ߱ʲô
Щյ˦ӣҪЮƣȴһѽ
ʱ߻УˣƢĺӣȻ֪ʱ߻Ӳֻ̬Լ
ʵҲ֪߻ӻ᲻߳ŭĴ֣ƺҲڴ
ּȻ֪ΪҪڲ˵ѵ뿴Żʵܱ˶ɣ˵Ҫʵܵǻ֣Ӽͷŵ˵
߻ʵܣĪҪ˵Цˣ뷨ôẦʵأӲɵóԾ
Ȼ뵽߻ʵ֪ܿģο߻ʵ֪ܲһһ֪
߻ʵܵĴôܻ᲻֪أͻȻĿ߻˵

[߾]

ʮţƪ[ʮ]ˣϣǣ

ִΪ˸߱Щ𣿡˲䣬Ҫɱӵĳ嶯
Ȼǣֻ뿴߻ʵܻʲô̶ȣ֪ʵ֪һֱ֪ʱʲôķӦ
Ϊ߻еŭҲΪĻظ΢ЦųϿ˵
Ϊִ˴ǰΪ˻֤ݵģ
˿˵ӻ᲻֪𣿵治֪ʥӣ첻ţʥϿ޷ȫӣӴΪ˽ˡ
飬ȴҲǴ֮
߻ʵܴ˻ν⣿
ɻʵɻ󣬵ȻӳԾֻ߻֪һ֪ǰҲ޷ΪĸΪѵ߻Ҳ֪𣿲ȻȻ˵
㵱治ܹûֵ𣿡
ӲɵЩʧ˵߻ӵ涮ͻȻΪ߻ɻ󣬲Żͽ־档
ԥ˵
һ֣춼סΪӵ˼̫
ܿͻᶮˣ˵ţ㽫߻ӷŵϣ֣ĸ߻ӵһֲʧ
ҵĿǿ˫ӣɵðЦСԼ߻ôܣһһĻԼΪ߻ʵܣѵˣҲҪҲˣŻӱһأ
ӣ첻ɵ뵽ʸ죬治һԸء
ڶ𣿡ӿ߻ŵʵ
գգۣĻص
ֱ߻ʵܿʱٸģڣҲĻǲˣ
Ӳɵøӽţڵ߻Ѿˣһ־µ뿴ʲôģġ
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߻ʵܲȸһҲ񸸻ʣȴǼӴ߻ϣνơ
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Ҫ𣿡Ҳɵýţȴ˵
ӲɵóԾĿ߻յȴֿɰ飬ȻЩȴǸӿ߻ӣĿԣ˵
ֲŪʹʵ𣿡
ʱҲ޷ԴˣΪӿԽԽͷ˵˫Զĵط
ϸϸĲž룬磬磬磬һ硭
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߻ʵܡ㡭
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ʸݣ̬ʮ꣬ʮ꣬ʮ֪꣡𣿱ʮ꣡
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ӱһһģǵЦȴԽԽŨ
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УĻ̫ˣܻȫŤӵȡ
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׹ˣ⶯ػ˶ϰ˰ɣ
㣬Ҫ˵
һʱᣬ߻ʵ˵㡣ȴӲǹκˡ
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˵ޱȣ֮
ٴס֪λش߻ʵܵû׹˭𣿻˵˭׹߻ӵĻӵȴҲޱȡ
Ϊֻ»ִǰأ
Ϊϲѻˣٴκԥ˵
Ǹأɻʵ߻ʵܵ˵
ˣɵϸĶ˿ӣԭĿ
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ӣʺڴʱͻȻ龪ŵĲ
ʺ󣿺£첻ɵɻѵǻʸ
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ɨӣ̻Ķɿ߻ʱȡ˼Ѫ񣬲ɵ̾ʵܵȷ֪ϣֻ֪һ֪
߻ȥӰոھģٶȱʧ
Ӳ߻ʵˣǴ߻ʵܵУԼĸо߻ʵܣԸ飬ʵĲʲôΪˣʲǣ
ڣ߻ʵܵڣ
벻Ҫȥģ̫ԽоԽңԶ
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Ǭ
ʣ߻ӿɫĻʸ죬Ļ
޺õȰ߻ʶ㸸һţʸûһ˿¶ȵ˵
߻ӹԹԵǰ룬ѵͣʵ϶飬ɵɻ󣬻ʸ첻붾ɣ
ʶ˯Ŀɺãʸ콫߻ӱϣʵ

[ʮ]

ڰʮƪ[ʮ]ˣǣ򣡴
Ǭ
߻ʶЩ𣿡 ʸ쿴߻飬
ĸ˵ʶ˯һ죬ҸҲǻ˯һ죡ѵǻʶ֢Ⱦ𣿡
߻ɻ˵ţҪѻʸ죬ͻȻȻ
ʶ븸ܻ֮ʴʣʶԶ븸ʺЩ
ǺǣģûҲ»ʶвᴫȾʣ
ʸͻȻս߻ӵ֣ɵҲɻ߻ӵЩʲô
ɻʶв߻Щε˵
ʶ˯һ죬˰ɣʸ˲ı䣬һ߻ߡ
ʶѺùʳˣǸʵҪ
߻ЦһֻֻסʸĲӣ͵Լߵĸתʸߡ
ʸ쿴߻ǹЦ΢΢ſڣʳ¸㣬ľ׽ЦЦĿתĿ߻ӡ
߻ӱתۣΪʸ飬ֹʸֹĴǽԼһ
Ծ˵ʸ쵽ʲôҲȻ֮£ΪԼ쵽
ֻ쵽ʲôǺǣЩܲҪΪʲôԾ˵ûкȫĿˣҲӦҽܹȻµ
οͲŻʸ쿴һ
ΪԼҲδܹȫҲ
Ҳʱ֪ˡ
ʸĿתĿԣԽԽӦΪʸе
ŮˣȻµһŮ
ţԲԵġʸҲʸݣʹУһȻʸݻҪˡ
ʸɫ˲üΪѿ漴Ǳ㿨ס˰㣬ͣĿĪӵ߻ӡ
ʡԣ
˲ָǻڻʸ첱ϵ֣زϵŻʸı
ȡȡʸɫ˲ͨ죬ȴҲ÷ŭ
Ȼһֱ߻СԴ϶ЩʲôǶڽĻģѵߵ̫߻Ե
ʶûʲôҪ߸𣿡ʸһץס߻ӣ˵
˰ɣһ̫ˣ֪ûֱӽ߻ӹѺǺǣǹѺ߻ӣҲҪɵġ
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ϣʸʶ߻ԶеĻҪ
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ʼȻ֪Ϊβ߻ʶأûʶգ
߻ӿŻʸ䵭飬ȻżΪί˵
Ȼ߻˰ɲʧµûʹʸתʱ˿߻һס
ѵ뿴ŻʶΪ˺𣿻Ҫڻ
߻ʶڲǺúõ𣿡
ǻʸһο߻յ飬ȻڴѾõģʱȴû˿ϲá
ǰǺܺˣ
߻ӵʮֵĵͳ仰ǧذ㡣
ʸЩԾĿ߻˲伴ŵǵ˭ڿ˭˭˭
ʸǸǲܵģҲ֪ðգʺʱֹֻϧĹؿȴ˷ִ磬ǲ߻ӵļıɵǣҵġ
߻֪𣿶֪Щʲô
ʿ֪ʲô
߻ӲʸȦӣһΣյϷΪԼʧһ
⣡ʸ챾شģǿ߻ǵȻ飬ǲɵ˵
߻ΪλǴϣѵ֪Σ
ʿ֪ڻʶյĵգǰ߻ʶ˵ʺʥ
գӵȷҹ߻ӣɻʸһֱΪΪ߻ͻȻ֮¡
⣿Ϊ⣿
Ȼӵ֪ĻʥȻ֪Ϊβʥ˵Ǻǣ᲻֪ÿһɵ˼Ϊʱʥ˵ˣҲȻ޼£ʺֻҪȥʥˣ෴ֻʥһ֮٣ȴȻ
ʵʶҲǺΪָ֪ʶʥҲ˼ֵ֮޹Ҫ֣䣬ǳմ޶ۣתʥ㽫ֽӵйס֣ʱ꣬ʥйгھסӵĳմ޶֢֮תȻˡֱڣʿҲۼֵ֤Ĵǣ
ʸԾĿ߻ӣȻ֪ЩҲ֪ЩΪλҪȥĿĺڣѵ統ʥһ
Ǻǣô˼ʥҩ˭߻ҩأҲҩĶ
߻ӱˣӣǵĻֻ˭߻ӻʥ
Ȼ߻µֵĻǱǿ϶ģ
ǣһʮٶ뵽࣬˭Ϊ

[һ]

ڰʮһƪ[ʮ]ˣǣ򣡴
Ǭ
ѵʻ᲻֪νĳմ޶ۣԵģǺΪģ
Żʸɻ飬߻Ӳŵ˵
ʵ϶׻ҪװʱϷһڻʸ졣
ЩǺ˸߻ʶģ
ʸ챻߻ӵŪ嶫ռɵ᲻ֻ֪в֪ôһ˵ˡ
Ǹʸ߻ʶģ߻Ӻԥ˵
ʸˣĳԾ֮ɫЦЦʱ˵顣
޵߻ʶҪѣҲӦͷ
ʣѵô𣿸ʶɶǻһʱ䣬ʲãӦòǲǣѵֻԻᵼ¶ݵʧ䲻ɣ
߻ӹԾģɻ˵
ǸʻǼǵûʶĲ𣿡
ǰˣԴӻʶõ󣬱һֱ޹֮УǾݻʶԣ⼪Ļʶ֢״Ӧǳմ޶ΪȴǻԲأ
ʣʲôɻǵã߻ӴȡһŵС
񣡡ʸ쿴߻еѪ񣬲ɵðЦš
ĸ߻ʶѪǻʺڻʶ֮ʱڻʶġôʶһֱߡ
߻˵ʸ첻ɵð룬ѵ߻˵ȥʮĿƣΪ¶ɣ
ʣʶѪκβʣֻԴӺӴ֮󣬻ʶıʱеʣҹߣʱþֲںδа̫ҽΣȴΣ뵽ָ߹ʶйؼⲢǶ˭Ǽ飬²̽йصļЧյõһĽǻʶҲġ
ʸɻĿ߻ӣȻ˵г񣬿ˡ
ЧʶǣںĴԣȴûʶΪ⡣ֳѪأ˳⣬ⱾһּΪϡٵ֮ЧǣѪ뼪һ𣬱ΪѪѪԣ̫õʱ䣬ʳľ֮˻ԲѣʱΪգܹȡ
ʶ˻棡
߻˵⼫⣬ʸڳԾԭ߻ʶȻ֪
һֱΪ߻ӻӴȻָ⡣
ɻ󣬿һ飬α
ˣǻʺ
ʸ첻ɵɫ˵֪߻ӵԶԶֹЩ
ʶȻ֪ΪβЩ߸ʣ
ʣʶȷ⽫Գȴˣԩ˺𣿡
˭֪ıȽأ첻˵
ʸ뿴Ϸ뿴ĵ˭Ϸ߻ʶģǻʺģ˵ģ
Ŷȷˣʸɵñ䣬Ϊо߻ľȻΪ¡
ǵģʶȷˣԻʶ븸Ϊʶ
ʶøأʸ쵭˵Ǻ档
ʶңֻǻʶøʿᣡ
ʱʸ죬ٲԸҲҪ
ο⻹Ҫľ
ڣ˭˭ѾҪҪǣܷﵽ˴˵Ŀġ
¹ϵش󣬻ʶ븸̫ڳһǰΪ֤ˣ
Ŷ׼ˣȻ߻Ҫݣ㿴ϷҲá
߻ʶ֪Ϊα㣿
ʶ֪ǣƾʶ룬ȻΪ»ʶ˻Ⱦˣ
Ǻǣʶв𣿻ʶҲ˵һжǼѪ
ʸ˵ţ֡
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һֱ߻ӷأʱҹſ߻ӵӰȴһˣ
ӣɻˣūǶļٰ
߻Ӹշػ˿ϲ˵룬ܻʲôⷢأʵȷأ߻ףСģ

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ڰʮƪ[ʮһ]ˣǣ򣡴

صɵ߻ӵ࣬ȴֱʲô˵Ŀ⡣
ѩȴ˿һɡ
ΪȻģǶˣȻ״ˣǺѣ֪߻ӽϵ˴󣬺Ҵȥ
ÿѼΪĽһߣԼػ߻ࡣ
ôˣˣҪչˣɢ˰ɣ
ЦĿˣ˵
ʶʶҴҸϵ߻ӵйŵĻ
ĸˣΪλЪϢ߻˵ţɨĺ񣬱㲻
ʶʲôˣԾĿ꣬ɵõǵʵ
ʺ͸ʵģ쵭ĻӦ
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˵Ĳ죬ĵһʱоһ˿ϤֻòϵϤǾȻٵʶ֮
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ʶôᵽٴɨ꣬ɻ߻ӡ
ѵĸûʶĿʶ𣿡
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ĸɻǵãʺθĸǡĪСģ
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ĸٵǻʶˣ
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ȻţҲмƽϣֻǶڻʺǵӵİɡ
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飬ǴȥԺǸߣ
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ڰʮƪ[ʮ]ˣǣ򣡴

ԾĿ߻ӣֻһʮĺӣǻתȫԽ䣬ǻתΪԾģ飬ֲма顣
ʱ˿̣޷ͽ࿴ͽ
ǳԾ飬˲ͻȻı䣬գ޹˫Ц
ôˣʲô𣿡һĴɻʵ
߻ӵĻɵٴסˣȫûлӦҲͬĸɻˡ
ͽĻʲô˼ѵԼҲ֪ԼŮ𣿲Ҫ˵ڣ߻Ůʱ߻ӾȻû˿ĳԾ⣬෴Ծֻ
ԣԣҲпܣ֪ҲԣĻٶĳԾӦģʡ
ǺǣԭԼͽԼ޴Ȼ޴Ȼ޷ܡ
߻ţߣȫ߳ͽܣҲȫ߳
ΪڣҲ֪ͽصĹԴںδΪͽҲʹš
ͽףЩڻ޷ģ
޷Լ˵仰ģ˼ȴǷǳԵģΪ˵ţ㸩߻ӱ˵
ͽոջָӦúϢǣ
˵ţ㱧߻򴲱ߡ˶ʮ꣬ǵһϲ
ϣܲȻĳԾһֱžģô˵
ˣɵıҲɵðЦڻֶΪ
ҪڣΪʮǷ״Ҳס
ʵǷҲ֪Ҳ֪
һ㣬ǿ϶ģǱĸ֪ΪߵŮ
Ҳ֪ŮҲ֪˴һةйء
йصʲô̶ȣǲҪΪֻҪʸҲ֪Ǳ㡭
ͽܣֻǼ򵥵ĴգӲصκ飬Ҳ֪ʲô
ǣ߻Ӻں̬Ҳ˳ӣʳڣɷϵʵҲᷳ
Ϣ߻ӳڵദ߻еıԽԽһ㣬Ҳȫĳ
붼߻ӻǹҲпܲǹŮȴζƿ
ԭģҲѹֻ˵֣Ҳѵ߻ӻ׽̬̬޷ףһαֳŮӵ̬
Ǻǣû뵽ȻûʶĻرԼȴִδйӿͷ
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Ϊû˵ҪΪʦ
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ʿʥϣôڱأοҲֻǡǡ״ˡ
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Ȼˣǻʺ֪ҪԵģԽԽãҪֲȷ
һ磬ӵʥּڳ
Ե߻ҪڳΪɼڳһϷ̫Ҳϱ
ʲôأΪҪڳʲôأΪλ¡أһʧսԣǾͿЩɡ
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ڰʮģƪ[ʮ]ˣǣ򣡴

գ߻ã鱧tһϵˣȽϲҵı֮ǰȥġ
ȴһҹߣСڻȴվѰһ߻ӵͯĵԼĹԶΪ߻ӵŪҹܰ
ȷ˵΢ĵƹ£һʱ˯ôȻ
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΢΢ʹڵƶĻЩ¿ܲᷢٲô硣
߻ӵĿƣգΪŲǻʸΪҲةΪ
ڼʱ㶮ñԼأǺǣΪͻȻأȻһֱģֻڣЩԸ뿪ˣ뿪
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ǣˣ뿪ĻʹС
ȻȼЩҲ֪ǡġˡܹ֮ʲô̶ȣʲô̶ȡǾı
˰ֵĻҲҪı
뵽ˣõģΪȷҪһҲ̽
޷ϵһ㣬Ǳ̫ڴΪȻǺǣȻûжʣ֪
һֱôİУǷйʱأ
ΪҲţסǬʱ𣬱㲻ǸˣΪǼУܹٴεİǲ
ǣֳǰֻΪܹͣǣڣģͣΪķҲͬĿɿֵġ
Ȼֱ˵ȥɱˣӲֱӵȥɱˣΪˣٻȤ
Լˣȴǲڴţڴķչڴĳڴߵһ졭
ԣδһȻȥˡ
ӽ˺簡˿ЦĿ鼫õ߻ӡ
Ƿ˿Ǹ߻ͷһο߻
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ӣʥϸո³ҸѾǰ
ΪԾĻصԾǣÿһӽ飬ڶǻô飬㲻ǣҲڶʱӦ˵߻δ֪ͨ
ȥˣڵ߻ӿԣͬʱҲ߻ӵΣ뷴
ȥˣȻǵǰ߻Ӵһ죬ǿգ飡
ȻȻδܲ͸еĺ壬߻ʱ񣬸磬ǵĳ·ǵĳޡ
ԣǱεͬʱҲڱԼ
ֻʱ̫ЩЩȲˡ
簲ֵĿǰӦ£ʱԽãҲԽӦĪǵ뿪˭ţܹȥδӡ
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߻ӲȡŪ֮˵ȴǻȡǵ
ĸأ߻ɨеڴȻʵ
ӣǰ
ӿҪڱҪǰ˿̽˵
ĸ԰Ҫĸһţ裡
ǣӣūȥ˲ԥ˿˳ӵȥ
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ʸһ󳼣ڳһʱʼղǰ
ʥϣҪūǰȥߴߵ°ɣС˰ɡ
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أʸ쿴Ҳ̫࣬˵
ˣ߻ʲôϷ벻֪᲻֪ٹ֣ҲӦ÷ʸġӡȻ߻ӲǷӡůů
û뵽СС߻ʶҲϡ
ԵǺģΪɫ죬ϷûݣϷ̨ȴǷḻˡ
ȴʱԽãȴ֮ԽǽǲȻй֮ˡ
ʥϣȻ߻˵Ҫڳ檵йݽĿλλ󳼣Ϊ֮ãȻ߻
ʺͲסڵ߻ӲҲͰˣΪʥҲ˴߻أ
Ī߻ֻһʱٶϷԣȫ˰ɣ
ʺĪ߻ʶһϸ׼Щʲôݱĵߣ
ѽʱ֪߻Ҫ׼ʱ
Ҳ൱ڴ߻ʶıݣްæ֮УǰȵãʺȲ𣿡
⣬ʥϣǿʥæֵʥǷȴҪ˵ıһСϷˣšš
ʺû뵽ʸȻΪ߻ӽѣвɵøա
ţ׻ʺ˼߻ӹʺ˵ϷŪڳ޶Ȼұ
ʸ˵ʺǿա
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ֱٽʱ䣬Ӳ̣Ӳʱһ˲Ż
檲μʥϣЦǣ߻ӣʸ
ʶݼʣ߻ӹȴȫûгٵ˵⡣
ɣ
ʸ쿴˵ǿ߻Ҳ漴ʱȴɵ˵
߻ʶ޺ʱˣ
ĺãʸ쿴ĳĺˡ
߻ʶɫȴ㣬ûκεı仯߻Ӽʱ߻ӵȴԱ仯ˣȻǳŪϲãһ޷顣
ʶҲãӰ츸ʿϷ£

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ڰʮ壺ƪ[ʮ]⣡ˣ򣡴

ʸ쿴߻ǲм飬һŭⲻɵϮͷ
ڵӦҲҪĲǡ
뵽ոհĻرϲãҲ
Ϊ룬ʱȴĲ߻οֻһʲôĹ⾰أǺǣЦӼʱ߻ڲ֪оȻزˣ
С˼ǰоҲǺܲġ
߻ʶţҲԱ𣿡ʸȤ˵
ظŪ˰ɣǻʶݣǻʶ˱ݣ
߻ʿŻʸһֱ˵
ʥϣ檿߻ӵȷϷԣʺʱǼһѻ˵
˻ʺĻ߻Ǵʱע⵽˵Ĵڡ
Ǻǣô˵ĴأɨɫĻʺ󣬵Ȼ֮ʥһڴſϷݹ
һ߶һȴĪڴӼĻӣĿİ˻ӡ
תɨڳĿͣةϣҲֻ˲Ĺ
ڶ˶ųԾĿ߻ӣΪ߻˿ûηɫʥڵأ߻ӱֳĶȻ
ʶлܹڶΪ֤ˣʶҲԻΪлѰ֮ڻԲѵԭ򣡡
߻Ӵ˻һ˵ɫڳڴȻҲ˾
Ŷ߻ﵱѰʥϻԲѵɣ
ûȻʸ쿪ڣڻʸԱߵ̫ɻʵ
¼̫󲢲ݣΪΣʥϵ֮ǡ
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Ŷʶ˼޵ĻԲǻʶȾȾ޵ģʸ˵
ظʣѵ츸ʻ˵ʶûҲû
ʶˣ
ˡʶʶܹѰûʶ븸ʻԲѵɣ븸ʶһ£
Ŷһ£Ǻǣ£
˴ʱ߻ӾȻּۻۣǲ֪ߵغ񣬵ʸ컹ǹ˵
£ֻҪǣֻǻʶһ˽ģûиʵʶԵóƣ
ʶ˵ǣʶԥѵǽҲҿ϶𣿡
ԸʵԣֻһС°ˣ
󵨣ʸĺֹἰЦվǺˣ᲻֪ڣȻǰĶϷ
ˡʶֱԣԻʶ˵ôҪ£ȲҪ
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ʶ칧Ӧţȡ⣬̫󹧾
̫֪Ϊ
ʶãǻʺǰļ𣡡
ǣ̫ʶã漴ֽϡ
ҲʶãǺ񣡡
̫ɻźɻĿ߻ӡ
Ϊ֪ǻʺ͸߻ӵģҲɨۻʺΪ֪߻ӵ⣬ѵֻǶϷ
ȻǣΪǶϷųǿ߻Լĳӡ
λһǵãǱٳʱʺ͸ĺ񡣡
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Իʺĺ񰮣ΪмԽ󸸻ڳһ飬ԹֹͣҴѰǸ
˶Ϸ̫ɵԵ߻Խ˵Խˡ
̫ĪҪգҪ̫֪Բѣһ̫֮ҽҲ޲ߡֻǴⳡѰ˶ΪζܹɫζĶȫȻ֪̫ǲм飬˵
ŶﵱǶϷ
ʮ꣬ҶϷο˴顣ʹ֮У˽֪Ϊ谮ĻӣǻҲˣ˶ʺޡ˶Ի⣬ʶǣڣ֪Ǻ˵ð¾ԻΪ羴ĸʑK¶֡
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ʸһֱĿŵһ̫ӵ߻ӣ̫߻ӼӶǲ۶ģ֪Ҳס
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Ǻǣǲ˳ĸȻǹġ
߻һԲ̫
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Ǻǣʵ˵컹Ӧøлة࣬ةġ⡯пıˣ
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ݶʸ˳߻ƶٴ˵ԭƪ

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ھʮһƪ[ʮ]ͣˣ򣡴

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ʥ˳ʥϵ񣬿߻ӣ߻ӵ񣬿ݶ
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ݶ㡭㡭ĸ˵Ǻãʥʧ飬˵
ĸ֪˴εĽ
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ʥȻص֪ˣֻ˵ҲԵĲ˵Ƕ߻ʱӾǱһһ
ݶĸţ㲻Ὣе¶߻ӵġ
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ʥԣ߻Ѿ൱Ķ£ڼ£֪Ҳ˰ˡΪһУԴӵ֪
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֪ǳţ߻ǲ˺ģ˺߻ȡ
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˵ɣ˶ܾúܺЦΪ߻ӣȫܹЩ⣬Ҳ൱İġ
ݶʥ֮ǰǴ˵Щġ
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ĸЩҪΪҪǣζһ٣
ĸ˵һж޹أܣ
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һ޹أʥǼŵġ
ݶҪ⣡ľֹʥɵøӲõ

[Ŷ]Ȥ⣡

ھʮƪ[ʮһ]Ȥ⣡ͣˣ򣡴

ݶ⣡ʥȫûзӦɵǰᡣ
ĸ֪𣿡
Ӳʵڵ⣬뵽ıϴҹ뻪֮ʱ
ڴ̫ڴˣΪԥܹ
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Ϊ˳ˣʹʧȥ߻ʵ˵ˣϲɻ顣
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ʵҲìУʵҲֻеõһУȨƣҲͲһУǣ߻ʵܣŲȷҲȥðգйȥðգΪڵõģںܻʧȥġ
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Ǻǣ죬𣿡
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ھʮƪ[ʮ]Ȥ⣡ͣˣ򣡴

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߻ǹأʥأǷҲܹȻȹأܹס
ţа취ǵϷŹһȴڴʱһͿء
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ȻһĿģǱйʥģ뿴Ŀ࿴ŮˣԽĽ̹ԣмƻʹΪȱٵıҲ뿴ģ߻У߻ȻϲȴûС
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죬ʥŵĻҪʱȴſţȽʥϡ
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ʥô֪ܲأ᲻֪أֻôʹࡣ
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ʥδ֮Уݶ޵ĻӣĿݶʹʥ޵Ǻ֪ݶζж

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ھʮģƪ[ʮ]ˡȤ⣡ͣˣ򣡴

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ʥϣ檸һжݶ޹أݶʲô¶֪ʥˡݶɣ
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ʥϡʱʥŻ̧ͷϣȻȴǿűʸһֱŵ߻ֵ˵
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ʥϣ檡檡֪ݵĻԣ򲻻ŴʱȻǳɡ
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߻ӣ߻Ҫ˱ǽһӣҲ򲻸Ҷ߻κεķǷ֮ġ
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ף⼪ǻʺ͸ļ֮ʥ˼˵ҲʺŹϵ𣿡
߻ӵ뿴ڵʥվ˵Щʲô
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ŶȻд£ôûʥἰ
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ʥϣҲΪֻǣֻǡ
ֻʲô
ֻҩֶοھζҩг֮ãΪݶ߳˵߻⽫޹֮УҲ벻᲻пǼ硣
߻ʶ̶գ㼴жҲ⣬Ϊݶ뼪Ӵжļ󣿡
ʥϣ㣬ҲɻΪݶһֱڷҩΪҩˣ˼Ķԡ
ʥĻʸ첻ɵðЦʥĻǼ٣һ㣬֪ģ˼ⱾǼɶ⣬ǼѪҩЧԭˣֲ޶ۡ
ڻʸļУʺʥʱҲʥ֮ʱʺ˼»ǰʱѪӵİɣȴʥ
ʥźģ͵ҩǿнһ޶
ʸһֱ֪ӲɵģҲʥΪ
Ϊǻʺ֣ȻȡɷѿĽ䶾ɵ
Щݶжкθϵʸ첻ɵʵ
⡭⡭ʥϣʵҲȷһ뼪ŹϵݶȴڽӴԲѵģó檲òΪ⼪硣
ʥ֪ɲ㣬ڲֱܹ˵
ʥϣ߻ڽӴ󣬲ҲǻԲ𣿾˻ʺδ⣬ⲻõ֤ʵǰ߻ӽ⽻ڻʺʱ檱Ѳ²ʥ߻ΪⶨȻǼ⣬һħȡС
ЩҪĿǾݶ
ʥϣʥϣһҪȾݶʥϡ
ݶӦȻ𣿡ʸ첢Ϊ⡣
ʥϣѵ̫ҽûжʥݶ֮߻Ӽʥ֮ͬһ֡
ʥ˵ʥȻ᲻֪̬ľˡݶ
߻ӣݶ߻һ۰ķϣ߻Ӹ̧֣ݶһΰɡеĴݶ޹ذݶ޹ġ
ʥ˼ǣѵ֮Ǹʻ򱾵µ𣿡

ʥһʱԾĿ߻ӣֻҪһڣ֪Ҫ˵ʲôһѵݶ˵߻ǰǶֻһС󣬽ֵС
һ˵ʥȻ֤ڵΪֵǸ뱾ʵñԾ
ǵģʥϣ檾Ǵ⣬ֻţܹȵݶˣʥϱ߻ˣ
ʥôӣ˴ʱȻҶŪĻԭʥУôgʸͻȻ
ʥϡʥʧĿŻʸ죬ΪԼ˴
ˣʥѺ⽫ʥߡ
ʥϣ
ʥõǣȻҲͬġ
Ӳ֪һŮ˾ֵıȻôġȻʱǾֵġ
ʥ˲̱ڵأֻҲĴޡ
ʥ֪ ΪλһҪ˵أ
ʥŻʸ䵭飬ʹ˵

[]սᣡ

ھʮ壺ƪ[ʮ]սᣡȤ⣡ͣˣ򣡴
˵֪֪˵֪ǲ֪ʥ޲ò֪֪㶪ʧ
ʸ˵ŮǴ˵̫˰ɡ
ǣʥϣ檾Ҫʥϣʥϣԩʥϡ
ʥ˵ţ״ʸߣʹֵ˵
ʥϣ檲ǿݶ֪檣Ҳû뵽ǡǳǳҲ˵ʥҲΪģŻ½裬Ϊ֤ϣǷĲ綾
ʥֻԾڴˣٶ˵Ƕ¶
ʥϣ֪֪Ӧǰʥϵġ
Ǻǣ֪ʥȷＰ
ʥϡʥҶˡҲǽ֮һ
ʹ֮УŪ޵ˣҲֻдϻ۹˵ʥˡϧʥ㲻Ӧýֶϡ
ӻԲѣһˣʥ乬䡣
ʥϡʥ̱ڵءһʧ㣬ȫ̽䡣
ڵĽģݶоˣԵȵݶ
ȻģΪ˵ƽȻʹûйƽԡ
ֻҪݶˣĽҲ֮ı
ܵʲôˣʥϼȻ谮߻ӣΪλҪĿ߻أ߻ӶλԣʥϿһֱ֪ǻʺΪʥΪΡʥϳ谮߻ӣڴˣοǳ檵ݶأȻʺ󣬺δ֮У
ʥ˵ţĿŻʸɫ䣬߻ȴһ̹Ȼ
ΪΣѵ߻֪𣿲Ȼˡ
ʥ㵱޴һţ
ʥʥϾȻҲ𣿡
ʥ͵͵߶ţȴȻʧĿ߻ӡ
ֱ߻һ˿мĳŪһɻԻʸ˵
ʣʥĻʲô˼ʶΪβأ
߻ӵĻʸҲɵһ˿Ļš
֮ǰ߻ӿ֪ܲȴ֪߻ǷĲס
ʥĻʸ᲻ףΪֻǽϷٴο˱ѣȻϷûʧԵǣϲ
ΪϷĸı䣬ݵĽɫҲڲϵĸı䡣
߻һɻȻԸԼΪ߻֪ģ
߻ʶ֪⻹߻ʶ߸ʵأ߻Ӹ߸ʣôῴʵһϷ
ڻʶֻ֪ʻôͷЩʶĶ֣
Żʸͷʹ飬߻ɻ˵
Ǻǣˣ٣
ŶʶЩˣʶӦ̫ԭίĶ֣ɾʹ֤أ߻ˣɵõЦ˵
ˣּ⣬ʺ乬Ϸֻڴ˽ˣΪ޷ȥ
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ôʥôԡҪ衭
ּ⴫ʺʺ˿˼ݣʧȥ̫
ùãùáʺԾĿ̫
ԾĲ̫󣬶̫еļ񣬻վһԵ߻ӡ
ùãùþȾֶŮɣùáʺ󾪻ʧ̫űߡ
㣬ʺ㻹֪ô󵨴󣬾Ȼʥϣ
̫Ҳû뵽Ȼᷢչֻ˵ʺĶ߻ӣ˵ԭģڣʥҲЩû뵽ǣӶĳմ޶Ҳǻʺһɡ
ùãʥϲֶŮѵùҲʥһʥּͽֶŮ乬˵ʲôֶŮü񶾺߻ӣֶŮȻ֪վôһ°ֶŮʲô֪ùá
ԭùҲΪֶŮẦʥֶŮԩùá
Ŷѵʺ֪ϣһ綾
ڵ̫ɻģǿŻʺľţʹ౯Ȼһ㣬Ǳ߻ӽ˵ԭίҲ֪
ùãֶŮ߻Ӱ֮ʱģȴǲǰ߻ӵģʱֶŮֻǳһƬģĳף߻ӿԡֶŮκεķǷ֮İ
ȻûУΪֽʥļҪ߻ӣ
̫ɻ󣬵Ȼ׵ġ
ģǲǰֶŮȥżἰʥҪΪ߻ӿףϲ֮£ȴ֪ӦαֶŮ߻ӵף֮⣬ʥ⽫黹ֶŮ
˵Ѿָ糣⼪ҲǷţҲָлֶŮ˵пǼƽ¡һֱסǬȴȻܹ糣ˡûмػҲٵǣ⽫黹
ʱֶŮýܣΪʥִ黹ʹֶŮҲټУοⱾļƷҲÿ߻ӡʺ˵ţ
Ŷˣ̫ˣɵú޵ҧгݡ
ùãֶŮһֱΪʥһƬģ룬ʥȻᰲ´治֮ģݺֶŮڲʲ壡ùһҪȾֶŮ
ĶڣȻ
̫ᣬʹ޵岻ɵҡεĲš
ûн˵Ϊ߻ӾǰȻֻʮ꣬ʮ߻ѾܹС
Ϊһ߻֪ȴֱ棬е˿һ֮Ϸ
̫ҪĪҪӣ߻ӡšǰֵ
ʺ󣬾֮ǱݺڶӣΪʥ߻ѳʵʥѾҲ㲻á
ùãùáʺˣʹ̫°ڡ
ʹУùÿ۰ֶŮˣĿֶŮݺ乬
ʥѱʥϴ乬Ϊʺ㣬кλ˵ʺûܹǣļ壬ңӦøҺúõķѷѡ
̫˵ʥѱʥϴ乬ֻ˵һ⣬޷ҲȨıʥϵ˼ʥҲֻ乬У޷ٴθһ
ʥǸʺȴӦ
ʥϵΪΣΪӣȫʥ𣿻Ǹʺ·һ֣ܹٶԽҪ
ˣʺϳȥ̫˵ţҪεڵء
ùáùáʺԾĿ̫󣬵ʹಢ档
ҪԼߡ
ʺŭ󹧾Ĺ̫ǰϿҵ˵
ֶŮ֪ùһҪ壡
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
գǬ
̶ʮգʹ췭ظı仯
ǻʺʥأȺ󱻴乬յĽ֮İЩ߻ӳΪƷȻжʥϡ
ȻһЩֻڳ֪ġ
ȻةಢΪġ
ʶڿ𣿡
ʥʺԱ乬һ尲̫ҲԴ
ӦǸʲǡοȻԲѣ
̫֮ҽǶʧ룬߻ȴмƽϡ
ǺǣҲ𣿡
ʸظ߻ʶ֪ʲô
ʶΪº󹬰ʸԲԵ˵
ΪλŹʵأ߻ӹɻ
ʲҲŹ𡣡ʸ쵭Ц˵ȴǸ쳣ġ
߻ʶһҽӵģ𣿡ʸֵЦȻţȴҲ׵ġ
ѵΪֵĶǻʶµ𣿡
߻ӲɵһĻͷαżأ
ʶῴ𣿡ʸȤ˵
ڻʶҪӦʻʶҪˣ
ʵҪ󣬾ûлʸӦʣΪһӣȻֻ֮Ǿᵽڵζ޷ġ
߻ӵĻʸ췽ǰӦʹ߻ӣȼ߻Ҫȷ߻Ӷӵ̬ȡ
߻ʶǲӦø߸ʣӵĶ˭µģǺǣԲ˵ֻҪ߸ܹȱǡ
Ϊ˿϶߻Ȼмƽϣȴȷ
Ӷ߻ʶĹذ߻ʶ˵޶𣿡
߻Ӳ޶ԣԻʸ˵߻֪Ӳֳεǡ
Ǻǣ߻ʶ˵أѵҲῴȥ𣿲ܣԲܡ
Զԣʶ⸸ʣȻƽ£ʶҲˡӣǸʶ޼ƿʩοʶأ
߻ȱ÷˿ѩע⳯һз紵ݶڲҪŹʲô˿.
ǽֻһǱǶӵֻֿ֣ܣһʥԼ֮ǻʺҲʥϡ
ֲ²⣬߻Ҳֽ
ʥµ֣ʥҪҲҪ
ԼΪͬʱҲܾȵʥȻǱӵļƽˡ
ȻǶԼ߻ӣǾȻҲǵٶһ
ʶȰҲҪڴˣ̫ҽ޷ҽұʶȻҲ޷ȵ֡
Ǳݶɣ

[]սᣡ

ھʮƪ[ʮ]սᣡȤ⣡
Ǭ
Ǳɣʸ˵ĺԥһȫɵ̬
߻ӾþõĿŻʸ죬鵭ȻĬ
ѵ߻ʶ˿Ϊݶе𣿡
߻ӵıȫ󣬻ʸϣ߻ܹΪģȴûκξֹΪΣѵ¶𣿲ʸȻš
Ϊ߻ӵ֣˸ӷ㣬ǱʥʸȫͨҩһĿĶһǱǱȫӡͬһޣӦΣգΣȴʧܵģǱȫˡ
ǣҲˣʥĻӲӦû˾綾ʥٺݵģҲᶾӡ˵ʥʲôأǺǣȼʥİգʸ߻аվӣ߻ӵıԾϲҲʧ
飬һӰˡ
߻ʶģôõ°ɶδ̫Щʹ֮У֮⣬ΨӶ߻رģʸһ㡣
ʶΪȲ֣ͽֻΪԼպÿʱʶȻںޱʹʶֳЩ⣬ܹʲôأÿղΪǡ
߻˵ȻȻȴҲΪΣȫһ˶״̬
ʱˣӦʵֶԻʶĳŵˡ
ʶҪΪΣ
븸ة˼ةĶӼ뻪
Ỵ̂ʶΪż
ǻʶżĸȻΪУһ֮ˣʶТδܸĸǽƣة빬СӣĸҲи
ةҵĶأةǰ㽫͵ʶߣʶҡ
ʸǺ棬ֻҪʶԿڣةҲӦŵİɣȻҲпС룬󣬱Ӳةˡ
ʶһֱ֪ةĶʶ£޵һգǰةܾڻʶߣףΨָʶ¶ˣѹȥ꣬ة಻ٴСʵʶֻΪһµڻʶߣԻʶҲĪĺôġ֮ˣԱȻʶ곤ʶû˵Ķˡ
Ȼ֮⣬ʶ֪ʶĸة֮ʶѳʶĸѰЩ顣ةǻʶľ˾ˣʶ˾׺Щ
ŶѰЩ𣿺Ǻǣʴʶ𣿡
߻˵Ȼ飬ʸһá
Ǻǣʣǲͬģ˭ܹ븸ءڻʶУʵλϵġʸ˷Ӧ߻ӲɵЦ
߻ҪȻǰ㣬Ȼ߻ӶةἰȻܾܾǽС
Ǻ֪ةһ˫Ӽ˶פϵ߻ͬͬ޵Ļôء
ʲͬҲ£ʶҪ󸸻ʱĸɺã
ʸɫûкת߻Ӳɵ˵
ȫʸЩʲôҪԻʸ˵ȫǲ˼ġ
ΪǶȣôҲһ޴ķŬ£׳ԼΧ
ԭʶ˵Ĺ¶ջʸĪĸ̾
ʹУ⣬κһ˶߻ӶĿĵģ˵ҲǣӲ˵ةˡ
Ȼةֵһֱԣة߻ӵģǺγ֪ء
ʶлʳȫ
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ةฮ
գһʥּ㴫ةฮ
ةһ˽ץסʥּ鷿
 ة˵ǵһδεĻ
ةһһεε̾
ʥⲻΥֻŶڼУԶǧ֮ʦѧգ
һʥּة˵
Դϴο߻Ӻ󣬱ӲٴμҲȥ
ҲԴǴȴǸ˼Σʹзô飬ĵǣ֪һ죬Ȼȥˡ
Ǵһʵة˱һֱԴ뾫ϵ˫ĥ޷ٴȥԡ
Ǿڴʱȴӵʥּ
֪ΪȴֲòΪ
ȴ˲漣ġָˣ֪ΪģѡĥԼ
岻ʣǶЪϢɡİޣةе˵
Ŷ飬ߵ£һõġ
ŷȻüչة˲ɵðο
ˡ
ةεٵǰУҲáʥµּ⣬ԵڸвãҲ߻Ҫתġ
ȻҪеĲֻжţķˣ޷ѡȴֲòѡ
⣬ɻǣ߻ΪλʥҪأ
ѵ𣿷ʲôԼݣıģ
ֻݣǵãģǷŶܲ
أֶأΪȴûκηأһֱĽҲû߻ӵκ쳣
Ϊ߻һգһСϰ߻ء
ȻǶ֪߻һرûеġ
Ӧô죬ȥ˭ʥ򲻿ɵģǱֻˣֻҪܹ˵߻ӣΨһ;
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⣬ʶ壿ةĻɵɻ
ӲʶҪة˽ʶȻ࣬ԽܣοةһǷ
ûةӦһȻ洫˽
Ǻǣĸةԣʶȷ븸ʥּ
֪ةൽ߻ӱ֪⣬Ϊ뵽ةС
⣬ʶ֪ةǷةĶ಻ڸϣ»ʶסǸ˴֮Ѱ鷳𣿡
ȻĲЩةȣة˵òʵԹΪѳ£ط
빬ǰҵةฮСסʱʼةˣȻҲ
ˣȻ޷˭Ը⽫һֱйأǹıˡ
ĸһȰлʶڣĸҪ顣ةĶӣҲʶѧгʱ٣οةѴӦĸˡ
ĸˣʶΪةУ󸸻ʵġ
߻ӵɨȻȤĿŶة࣬ǺЦڣȻܹǰѾ롣
߻ǹةĪľţӵˣԽԽȻԽԽʥϣǴ
û䣬˵ĸоֻڵ̬ȱˣة˵һΣյźš
΢ߵл߻Ӻ񰮣ֻСԶǧ֮⣬Դ΢ʵڲҶ뻪߻鷳
ģô˵ةǱľĸĸǷģҲӦþĲǡûʼҰ̧ȥӾĸԺ̫ҽĸֱ念
ҽұ䣬ĸҲɶĸ˱ǹɩ֮顣
ھ˾˵Ķ𣿺Ǻǣ˵ӱȱΪ׼գǱǱĶˡ
Ȼʱ²ڼУǾ˾˷ɸ봫飬伴̷رǡ
⡭΢ߵ߻ӵĴ£
߻ǺĻةҧأòл
ǡ΢һ󣿡
£˾뽲
Ŷѧδɣ˻ʹ߻˵Ҳһˣ΢ܽһʹأǶ߻ӵĴ󲻾Կ߻ٸ΢ʱ䣬΢һϼӽ̵С
Ŷ˾֮⣬˵Ҫܽ빬鱾𣿡
΢Ǵ⣡
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ڽУΪؼУ߻ӾȻһ߻ûʸе¡
޷߻ӽʵҲ޷߻ӹг
ʸʶվҪ뿪ġ
Ҳŵģڴš漣١
Ҳһʱ漣ĽˣֻȻЩʧ߻ӿˣȴһи̬
ʣֶԻʶһչмӵķϣ븸׼ʶȥ֡

[]սᣡ

ھʮߣƪ[ʮ]սᣡȤ⣡
Ǭ
ʸ߻һӵ޹Ȼʸġ
΢μʥϣߵ£ӵ̫ҽ׷׹š
ȫȥɣʸ쵭˵㿴߻ӾǰӴߡ
ʱĪڴڴ߻Ͽ˵顣
Ϊ飬֤߻ӶҲ飬֣ûп㻳߻ӵһӲӦûԼġ
ԣʸŻ߻ӿ¡
ΪµǣΪԼòȴˣһԲġ
ǵ߻ӾȻ۵֣ӵʱ˲ˡ
ʱ߻ǿ쳣Ĳ棬޷߻ӵ仯ȻΪ߻Ӳûκα仯Ϊ߻ӵ۾գҲգһ¡
ڲ룬ϵĲ룬߻ͼ߻ܣҲڻ˾ֹ
οУĲôļ򵥣Ϊ߻ʶȻôĵģ㱡
о߻ӵ飬Ϣ˵ʱȴԾֵ߻ǲмĳŪ
ǺǣһҪߵġѾΪִһк£Ȼַᣡ
߻ʶΪݶ𣿡
ʸ첻ɵյ˵߻ӣȫ벻ҪʲôʱӦñʹ𣿾ϷҲӦá
ǣӦöһ֮˵ż
Ǻǣʵʶ޵ģ˵ĿһֻǸڴˣʶͿ޲
㡭ʸᣬʲôͻȻ뵽߻Ӻʱ޹Ҫ׷䵽߻Ӱ֮ʱ֮֮ǰ
ǰȫ˵߻ʶ޹˲䣬ʸ첻ɵú磬ǳ뿴߻ӿģʲôأ绨
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뿪ˣôԿ߻ǧѷ̬ءʸ߻ӶãղûߵĻ߻£ԥ˵
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߻ӿŻʸһʧɵ˵
ֲӢţǸʵĳӣһܱ˰ɣʶٴŸʣʾܵʹһɡ
߻˵ţ㹧ʸеûȻʸ췴Ӧתȥ
ʸյĿ߻ȥıӰ飬Ȼ
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乬﹬ҹ
ˣ֮ѾˣݶΪλ
°׵¹⣬ʥֻһĺ⣬¹⣬һѰһһĹϣʹ಻
ͷϹŮ˵ʹе˶֪ʥѾΪ׼˺£ҪٱŷǷ֮ˡ
κηǷ֮룬ֻݶƽ£ĲˣΪʲôˣΪʲôݶǾ뿪Żʲôأ
ݶˣĸҲˣǺ¹⣬ʥ૵
ݶ̫ɵˣݶ
ĸ㣬ݶڣĸ£ϣ
ԽǵȴϣԽã¹⣬ʥɵûţͣĲšѵĽݶĸԲµ
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Ǭҹ֮ʱ
һ°׵Ӱҹɫпƶ¹һԵĸоȴȻΪȻ
¹׵ӰոԾӵ޹ʱȴһȵӰǰ
ͽȻԾɻ󣬵Էϲġ
ǺǣΪʦĺͽ֪Ϊʦ٣ǰӭӡ
һõľ죬Ȼϲõ˵
ϲ˲ȻֹΪĵĻ
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㣬ͽΪΣ
ΪΣǺǣӦ˵㻹أǹ˶أǰ˵Ļ㲻ǵˡ˵һΣʹƭˡ
ȻɫգȴǵȻġ
ͽ𣿡
кβɣ
ͽΪ˹ƽǱΪʦΪⶾ֮󡣡
Ǻǣƽ㲻Ҫ˵Цˣ
ԼΪмϢԴһ˲õɱ
ʵĲϲ¶ƣȻҲ֪գȻ߹ա
ĪĻһο顣
ͽȻɱӣαشΪʦǰأΪΪʦֹ𣿻ΪͽҪɱӣ
Ļɨһۣ߷߶һ䣺
ߣ
Ӱӵߣ
ʱľȫɱȫһŮ̬ȫһСģȫǸŵ߻󡭡
ȫĲӦ˲ٴθı䣬ָı˲޵ϲ
ǺǣΪʦĺͽԭҲǻİ
˵ţ죬Сһţɵ
֪һͷ͵ҰޣȻҲֻΪĻʹɵġ
ǣⲢӰִ
ߡ첻ɵóһ
һЦ֮ʣٴθı䣬ȥһĽ䵭顣
˲ԽܣΪڵľһֻʱпСҰޣġ
½ҩˡ
˳ƵŹ֣Դӽʶ߻Ӻ֪Լʵġ
߻Źֵ飬ǣ
֪ǹģĸԸĿεĸı䣬˲ĸı䣬ڴš
þûеȵĻӦɵɻ󣬿ԼɵаĴӡ
һѵԾߣ㿪ʼȡҩΪĸж
㡭
ܿоԾΪǽزĽСΣһаЦȴǶ֣ȫûǸ߻ӵļƣһƤаĺӡ
Ѱҩʮ
ûҵʱϾҪˡ
Ǿþõıζɫ΢䣬Ŭ򶨵˵
žüͷһ壬ɵĴȡ½ҩŵǰ
ȥЩԥ˵ʵЩ᲻þʹ˽ȴֲò
Ǻǣ컹ʱķϣΡ
һֽӹһСɵҩƿһֻȴǸ߸ߵ̧֣պ°˵
ǺɫɵЦŨ
˵ŨҵľЦ⣬ȴȰ㣬ҪѣȴƲŲ
ôˣʲôôأǲǼˡ
ܵģʸһʱ򡭡
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ǭ
ӸоԼ˯˺ܾãһ˵˯죬ȷǺܾá
۾񣬲룬Ҳ۾ΪһĻ档
һЦ绨ģ۵Цϲоĵϡ
ߡߡ
ӲɵҪϲ̧֣ɴʱǧذ㣬ֻ쵽գ˵ָֻľ룬ҲˣŬЦԶ
ϲɵþ
߻ʵܡ
ͻȻһеһѽԽԽԶľ챧ڻС
ʱһִ˲Ĵȫ߻ӵݣ߻ӵԱ
߻ʵܣӮˣӦν֣
˵ֻҪԸ⣬ʲô
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
乬﹬
ϣӺ﹬һ˵ϢԾ˲ࣺ
ʥԾˣ

[һ]ԭװ

ھʮˣԭƪ[һ]װʶ
Ԫ꣡
ӻʸʮ꣬Ļӻʸɫʮ꣬߻ӻʸʮ꣬˻ӻʸ۽ʮ꣡
Ĺʸʮ꣬幫ʸʮꡣ
ʮ꣬ʮ꣬ʮ꣬Ѷʮһ꣬ʮꡣ
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

֪䣬סѾˡ
䣬֤ĳɳԽա
ԽԽǣڲ߳
ǰסգ£Զ޷ĥʱļ䡣
ΪУ̫УǳʱȫĲͬ
еĻĸ΢ЦܶʱһִΪԼļУΪŮߣÿλʵ
ãǺܺãǣȻһ˵ʮ֮һǱڵĸΪһᵽָоˣУ̵ᵽˣǱǶʼȻΪ߻ӵжʡ
ȻҲм߻ӵĹذȻ޷ֶֹʼ
ǧٴεĸԼĺӣǻӣһδεĸֻ˱
㣡̨ͤ¥Ȼ˵ةˣ
ĺ֣ܿȻʥϻһĳȴӲڻޡ
ʶҲԽԽͬʱҲʥϲȻҲԵĸоһ㣬Ǳʥ϶ԻʶǷͬѰ˼
Ϊһӣ⣬ΪȨҲΪģЩеĶ˻ʶϡ

㣬ö˵˶ٴˣҪﳤ̵Ļˣָмн顣ɫĪֲˣЦ߽е˵
ëˣֺﵣˡة˲ɵ̾
ȻҪĿڻԽƣةȴ޷еǸԽΪɸƴˡ
ĸ
ߵ£죬ة˹еĻ
ĸ˶񣡡
ʶҪȥ𣿡ɻʵ
ʶҪȥ֣ɼĸĸڴˣǰʺ򡣡
ʶԽԽæˣҪۻӣձǻʶĿʶܿҪΪˡҲõĸн飬ĸѾΪϲˡ
лĸ飬ܹĸζĻʹй˿֡
ߵ¹ˣⲻǳ檵ıҪлӦøлߵµľİţûߵµĹģ壬ѱܹա
Ǻǣĸƾĸ㣬ΪϲԸĸĸܹһֱԽƣһֱԽƣֱĸϲ߾ĸΪֹ
쿴ةˣ˵
ʶ˵Щʲôأ߻ӵĻɵóԾһʶ̬ȶة
ǺǣĸʶֻǲþĸټƴǣĸһƬĳ⡣
쿴һɻĸЦ˵⣬Ǵӳةฮ֮ʱѾĳЩ˵Ƚϲ̣ҲĸΨһĳ·Ҳ󣬸ǲߵ·жôĿ
ܹģǱҪҸ
ǲ̣ҲҪΪеĸ
ȻߵҲִˣǳ檹
ةĻŵ˵ڻס꣬Ҫ谮ȴ֣Ȼ˵ĵӣΪηꡣ
ǰʱ˵ĵһ仰һĶʼ˵Ļ˵񲢲Ϊ壬Ϊ˸ġ
ʶиˣ
˵תȥǷܹԺýأ㣬Ǻڴġ
ǿ߻ȥӰةȴɵòţһϮͷȻΪʲôǸӳսƵò⣬ûһ¡
߻ةΪȻʶòԽԽӽǱȼÿӺʡ
Ϊʶ̬ʶ飬ʶһеһУٲȻһӵơ
ةΪʶةһЩ׻˵ˣ˻мֵģŮҲм˾ˣȫġ
ȥЩ⣬ʶһУʥϣ֪ʶĸ߸ϵˣҲӡ֤˻ʶڵݡ
Ӧûòǣ
ة˿һȰϲõĿߵȥ˵
㡭
ة˵һƺԼɵøϲʶĻȷǱзˡ
УǣϲĻʶĻʶ䵭ĻʶŮĻʶ˳ɫ
ʶĳɫԼΣ֮С
Ľߵ¡
ة鸴ӵ˵ֻҪ谮ˣȴᣬҲΪ¡
ʶȷ
ÿ֪ߵ¶Щʲô𣿽ܾߵ²һĻӣ
ʶة˵ĻɵɻûĻةҲӦ֪ʶжģȴֳ
ȻǱסˣΪȷ֪ʶЩʲô
ʶǼģܶ£ĸĵǡ
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
԰
뿪֮߻һ˱ǰ;԰ʱȴһפ
߻ʵܣĹܵţ߻ӣ㵭ЦĻ
ԭĹվڼʯɽߵʯϣС͵ʲôΪ߻һ˵ĵɵþʧ룬һʱֽţЩʯϵ
ʲôþϲΪ棬òԵʺ
߻ʵĹ˵ţȥ߻ӵ֣߻ӲԸǰΪĹ̤ʯ
߻ʵܵ
Ĺ˵ţ߻ֱߵɽһߡ
ǣǡ
߻ĹĵͻȻһŮ
ȤĿǰһŮɵðЦ
ΪǼĽҲɵÿǰ
ߣ治֪߳ܣݹӣȻ͵Ϊ
˼ָһ˺Ƶǰ
˰
һŮԾ֪̾еĺ˵ǼŮ߻ӣΪ̾Ŀǡ
һϲ

[]ԭװ

ھʮ£ԭƪ[]װʶ
԰
һϲĸ磬ְûĸ
Ů˵ţЦĿߵһꡣ
ĻӻʸɫŮĻĻһΣǰȻ˵
磬ɺ֣
磬´ٲ֪ٵʹˣ
ĻӵĻأһΪ곤ӢͦĿ˵
ԭŮǰｫǧС㣬ѵãʮİ硣
ߣÿһζ磬һҪ߹ùã˵۸ң
Ůɫһ䣬㽿˵
Ѳûõȡ֣һѽΪ棬ȴǶİ
Ļɨˣ񶨸߻ϣ߻ʵܣɻˣʹеˡ
ĻҺܶ鶼û߻ӳϹϵΪֻҪϹϵԤʾŲ飬Ǻǣǲǲ飬ʺʥǺصġ
ȥˣȻ޷ضܵ߻ʵܡ
ĻĿ߻ӣ߻ȴĿһˣ˿˳߻ӵ񣬿𣬺Ǻǣһ˫ӣǶʽļΨһϵļ̳ˡ
ٴν߻ӵʱ򣬲ɵóԾΪ֪ʱ߻ӾȻڴŵȻ޲
߻ӵȴּһ˵ĸо
ߣΪȫ幫˲İյʵ
幫԰ֲǳ˭ȨһԲм
㣬磡ٴá
ߣôӣȻ뱾졣幫ɵȵ
ã粻ڻֵϣòҪһʶ
Ļ΢΢üͷȻԸȻ˵
ߣ磬Ƕ۸幫飬ίߵ˵
ɻĿ˵𣬽һرӣȻԿʹе
幫ĶᣬСǼΪ谮幫ȻҲΪ幫󣬲ǹùõŮǣȴĵġ
֮Իᱻ幫ȻҲΪȶϲ幫ˡ
幫йУΪĹȴǸŮĺӣΪҪˣһǻӡ
ԣ幫ĻӣĻӵ̫ҫۣ˶ɵöʼ֣ʱڻ룬һӳǻ񣬵һܺ˾
ȻҲһˣ߻ӣСϵĻӣйΪ˶ʼġ
Ǹʵĳ谮ҲͰˣȴֳ˸˲Ȳõӡ
˶˵еĻУֻ߻񸸻ʣȴΪһ㶼ò
ȻȴЩΪģÿο߻ӣ᲻ɵľ
߻ʲôģ˵߻ӾħĴڣСǡ
߻幫Ļɨһǣ绹棬еӵūŶ
ǺǣȻΪڵ߻Ļʵ൱˵Ļӵʵ߻ӣΪ߻ӳʥϵĶ⣬һе鶼⣬ةΧ
߻ɨˣм΢΢£Ҫתȥ
߻ʵĻͻȻڻ
߻ɻֹסŲ
Ǻǣ߻ʵܼĻ֣ҲӦôкǣô˵Ƕֵܣ߻ʵΪλ˼أ
߻ƺȫûŪĻӵ˼ֻΪĵЦĿɵðôǰޣǿϧǵݡ
߻ĿԼĻ˲ʱ仯ǧȴЦ绨
Ǿɫ߻Ӳɵ˵
Ļˣɫ˲ò԰ףϲԼգҲϲԼ֡
ȻǸʴģܾг˳֮⡣
߻ʵܲӦֱ䣡
ŶˣԭĻֽлʸɫ߻һȻ̬
Ļˣɫѿǲõɫ˿ӰǾա
֪߻˵٣ȴҲòЦ
Ҳǣ߻ʵֻ븸׽ʱҲ֣ȻǵñĻˣ
Ļ˵ﻰ˼ֻ˵Ļֵľգһɫ
߻ӺЦĹȻĻǲ԰׵ϣǿάֵЦݣֲɵóŪ
ȻЦαǿԼοЦôѿЦҲա
㣬Ȼ˵ĸѿ
߻ӵĻ粻ɵٴβСС߻ӾȻǸɶ幫Ҫţʱһ޵ӡ
Ļȴֻ£ȴЦ˳һ̹ЦƳϿҵ˵
ⲻֺֻ߻ʵ𣿽֪ԭ߻ʵܶԻô
ʸɫ̫ˣᣡ
߻Ӻ˵ȻʵģĻӵּڷϲֵȻ֮ɫ
幫һֱΪ߻ǼΪģǽȴ˲߻Ӳôˣһôĸߴ
ȴǰԳŪţΪʵĳ谮߻š
ǺǣĻֿɷ֪֮Умҳĸ¥ȫȨǻЩг裬ɫڣֻǲ֪ĻֵɫȣΣ
磬ʲôг谡ɻʵܹĸ
ߣг趼֪רȨŪг裡幫ųŪ
㣬㡭ôӣ̫ȻĸЩгȣ磬һҪúõĽѵѵ粻ŵĿ߻ӣʹ
幫ϲĿյİ磬һõĻᰡôŹЦ˵
㻹ʲôðʻгأ˵
幫˵ţ㲻мɨ߻ӡ
Ǹʶ߻ӳ谮һɰɣҲˡ

ɵȵΪ߻ӵɫȻû˿ı仯ȴ͸¶Σյźš
磬˵ĿȫʵʹУ˭֪𣿡
幫յ˵߻ӣʹȻûиҶôĸ󱻴乬ʲûзϳĸĻʺ֮λο̫
ǺǣԭҲлг谡߻ӵЦ˵ȴȤĿĻӡ
ԼҪ곤Ŀ꣬νһ̵ĺöء
Ļ֣ӽгɣһȫ˻ؾ
ĻӴܵ裬ҲҲסˣЦݽϣ߻ӾȻȴȻܹ侲˵
Ц˽ˣȫһֳ̬߻Ӷ̣Ϊʲôܹء
߻ʵܿҪȥֵ𣿡
߻ɻĿĻӣԣѵΪ˵ԼȻȥ֣Ҳǳȥ
ΪӦģ֮ǰձȥһΡ
Ҳûܹˣ֪߻ʵܿɷԸһͬǰ
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

һӢͦƮݵӰվڴߣֵ߻ʵӡ
ܿ찡תţУõ˺ܶ࣬ȴҲʧȥ˺ܶ࣬ڡ
ǰ˵ĿǴﵽˣͬʱҲӦĴۡ
Ǻǣ߻ʵܣͬ찡ܹ뵽ģ߻ʵܹܶ뵽ܹ뵽ģ߻ʵȻܹ뵽
ĽԼѡģΪĸܹġ
䣬˺ܶ࣬Ȼһֱ֪ĿʼǴڣ߻ʵܺܿҪأ
ȻȻõвʱ򣬱Ǹʶ߻ʵܡ
ʶҡթΪȻû׷ȴĸЩĸ֪ĸڶģǽȻAtKAңһжҪġ
ԃδܹ飬ĸҲҪģֻǲڣҪڵõ֮ҲҪΪõ֮

[]ԭװ

һ£ԭƪ[]װʶ

о˿Ӳɵ΢ЦţſȴɻˣΪ첻ͬգڶࡣ
벻ͨ˳߻ʵ⣬к˻ȻǸگȻҲòôˡ
˭Ӷо߻ʵһڣҴߵǰſɵϲ
߻ʵܣ
߻ӵһ˿ڣɨӣҸλ
ֿɺãĻӹʺ
δӣ֪ǴģΪġ
СԼ˲ٿ࣬Ǹʵ䣬ܵģֵ̫һˡ
޶żʵܹʵ̫ƽ
߻ƣȴǵõʵһж裬мƣò
Ļʵܣ
ӳԾĿžĻӣ˲һɲ߻ʵΪΪһ
ڵİνǻʹΪƧľΪáֻǴ˵ؼªŵĻʵӦ
˻ǲˣţ˭ܹ߻ʵأ
ԵĻӵȻص
֪߻ӳӣǰ򵥵ġ
ʹУ˸⣬ܹ߻ĵˣֻˡ
Ȼ֪߻ӵĶô׺񣬶ΪǶǴˡ
֮˲ġ޼䡯
ЩĹ۲죬Ѿ֪Ӷ߻ӵ˼ڸʣȴ븸ʲͬ
ǺǣĻʵ֮Ļʵôܹ߻ʵأӵЦţ߻ӣȥ߻ӣȻ˵棬߻ӷԼϡ
ĻӳԾĿ֮ܵ֫Ӵǿ˿Ϊ飬־ֹϰΪ㣬ģ˲ˬ
Ϊʽų⣬ֻʵȻǽų⣬ʵԲģȴ꣬ĬĬꡣ
ӵĻȷ뷨
߻ʵǱΪ谮ʵܣҲǳĸ⣬Ϊ׽Ψһˣ
ȻʵҲһֱǣȴӵһǰôΣյʱ̣˵ʲô
Ϊţ߻ʵ֪֪˼˼
Ǻǣʻ᲻ڵľأ
ĻȻգȻȻ˵ĻȴǱġ
ǺǣֻûϲĻʵܲأӲĻӵĻ˵
Ϊǰ飬Ƿйأĳ˵Ӯҡ
ʮĻӳɹʺȻûбϳȴ乬ĸҲδ⡣ԼȴҲ֮СͳˣȻˣȻӰݵλ
ΪֻҪ߻ʵڣҪ꣬Ҫ÷硣
л֡£ʵǸ⣬Ҳֵùϲպ߻ʵܵĿٳ
ָмĻ־Ȼǵñٳ
ٳȷǰ֪߻ʵûַʲôӺƹ
ʵͲĻӴеʵĿģ˵ûκĿĵĻȻǲŵġ
Żе߻ʵܣо͡
ǰҹ̽߻ʵܺȻκһжˣĸʡ
ȻĽڰǵĹϵȴǸˡ
ڵȵˣ߻ʵʮꡣģȴĳ⡣
Ҳ˵߻ʵһЩΪ߻ʵܵòԽԽɻӣֻԽԽᣬһȻᣬջȻҲջ󸸻ʣʵ߻ʵҲһֱôTֹˣǿɾģͬʱȴҲǿµġ
ǽƵ߻ʵǿдǬǺҲѡסǬ߻ʵˡ
סǬУκ˵Ķ߻ʵӵ꣬ȴǾһ
һеͼ˼Ӳ²⣬ǸʵģҪ²һ
ʲôأɸѡ
ʲôʶƽ޹ʵĽ޹ΪĻסǬġ
Ը˵ֻһӵϷ˵ȴһ֮ս
߻ʵܾ֪֮ŻԸǰԸš
ǰӮˣΪ߻ʵӮ
ĸһΪ߻ʵžȵĸ
ǰҲ֪ˣ벻߻ʵˣӮͬʱҲҡ
ֵʵʲôҪ𣿡
ֻҪǻеģһΪʵܷϣǻûеģҲ뷽跨Ϊʵܷϣ
ȻˣֻǷŰɣȻʵˣҪ
߻ӵЦ˵ǲԼ̫ˣѾˣȻԷ
Ծ˵ӦʥΪʥǸŮ̫ܹôΪ֮ǺǣΪβԼֵΨһأΨһġ
㣬ʥҲӦײźá
ĻǷҲӦñϷݱԱأ
ȻĻû뵽߻ӻͻȻҪ󣬵ȻӦ
ǺǣǱãʵһֱΪȱƵĻ֣ôὫªƧ֮˷С
߻ʵ˵ʲôַеģһֱɶ߻ʵܰ
ĻӲɵóԾ߻ʵܵƱ䣬ǵһġ
֣˵ֻг裬ʱ¼ΪУԻʵܵҲЧʣjĻȦΣ
㡭ݵú֣ĻӶԾĿ߻ӡ
˳Ծյʱһ̫Żŵ
ӴСڣʥأ
̫࿴߻ӣҴ˵Ļ
ūŲμĵ££
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ǭ
ʶμʣȻԸʥΥ߻ֻùǬ
Ǿϲ棬Ǹͷڻʺ󱻴乬֮󣬾ȻΪʸѰг裬ɫڣûʸ컶ġ
ɣ
ʸڴĵȴ߻ӵɿ֮ȴĵĲá
ôʶȥݶ𣿡
Ҫ
߻ǰɨߵλг裬Ϊʸ
ȻϲʸȻΪ߻ӲǰˣǰһҪг衮ҪߣҲ᳣ɡ
Ǻǣ߻ʱأ߻ʶ˵İ
ȻҲһĿģҪ߻֪ҲΪ߻Ӧ֪ˡ
Ǻǣ߻ʶϧʰ֮ȴ߻ʶ
ٹգ߻ʶĿٳأ
ΪԼµ߻ӣʸƹѵ
ҲӦý̵ʶһЩˣ

[]ԭװ

һһ£ԭƪ[]װʶ
Ǭ
£ tʸĻ߻Ӳɵظô۰
ʲ˲ͣʶǺȻ֪ˣ߻ӵ˵
ǺǣǵҲǣֻǸڱûʶ֪ʸڴ˵
ʶǰ֪𣿡߻ͻȻԾʵ
аЦʸ쵽Ҫʲôأ£᲻֪ҲδҲ̫춮ΪλΪԼһ仰뷽跨Ƴٴ飬ҲֻƳٰˡ
󣬴ȻҪġ
ΪλӱĽʱǰأΪԼӦ
ǵһȻϵֳϵͬԡ
ȻúܿЦȻϣģΪʹУȨƵĸ⣬ΨӶмĳ⡣
ϧʥľֹϱᵽԤϵʥҲˣΪӵȷ㹻һʮܹ꣬ܵ˼ȷõġ
Դȥةฮ֪Լ֮ة̬ȣһ£ҷǳ̡
Ĵ˭޷ӵˣ޷ԤϣΪݡ
Ȼ𣿰Ե
Ϊ˱κˣֻΪԼܻг·
ĸ׸Ǹ˼ŮˣҪΨһܹڱģֻһ
ûг·ܣΪΪʱ磬㹻ʱᣬҵ·Ѿڲ߻š
Ϊ£νǺǣǹĻܻһֿܣǡ
˵ԼҪõ£Ϊȡ¡
ֻ˵̫ˡ
ڣ޷˵ԼݣӣҲ档
ǵģν£νԼ£Ļȡ°ɡ
ݣȡ£̸ף
޷ԤϽÿһ£ֻҪܹƿ¼ˣûвˡ
ΣҪֻǽʽҲνˡ
Ȼ档ʸһɼٿ߻һ鰡
Ŷԭˣ߻ȻɻȴǻȻ˵ɻ˵
ո˵ֱһֱƭʶˣ
ŶݶƭʶʸԲ⡣
ţҲԵйһ˵һֱʶǺȻ֪Ҳ˵ҲӦǿ֪֮ġ
߻һ棬ȴִԵŭ˵
߻ӵĻʸ첻ɵɫ䡣
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ѧʶ߻ʶԴӱˣѧʶӲ𣿡
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£Ǻǣ滹߻ʶ֪
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ԭʶǺ֪µİ
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ʣʶ𣿡һŭĻʸ죬߻ȴʵ
ɣɣȻԣ
ʸջŭ˵Ȼг֣гɵǰ
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˼ǣǵòȻ߻ʶмơ
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ŶӸǿҪߵг裬Ȼ벻ûʶ𣿡
ʸݵ˵
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ڣȥЩˣΪ߻ӵദ
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ҪѰñ߻ӻҪˣɲǼ׵ء
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ڱ̵ʶ£߻ӵһɻ󣬲ɵùЦ
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һ£ԭƪ[]װʶ
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ʸһ߾ţһ߽߻ӵ֣һŹ߻ӡ
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Ϊвʸ᲻һʱԴ󷢣˵߻أûֿܡ
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գʹˣʥϳͷ߻ӡ
ǻʹеһ£Ϊһֱܳ谮߻ӵһܵͷ
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Ǻǣĸõǣͷǻʶֵġ
⡭ʶҪʲôʥϲˣʶȥʥʥϿʶˡʶһΰɡ
Ȼ˵ʥϵĶ裬ǳõģʶʮȴһֱܳ谮Ҳɼʥ϶Իʶϲ̶ȡ
֮£첻ἰǳʲôԭ
ǻʸ˼᲻֪ǻʸҲ֪Լ˼
ʵʱǳԻʸ죬ΪԼݣԽԽױ¶ķ޷ֹģǿġкŮ޷ӣҲӡ
ڱ뾡ܵıܿʸ죬ܹãͶðɣʱ׼һ·ߡ
ĸգǻʶĿٳˣ⵹ûʶһ£
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һ£ԭƪ[]⣡װʶ

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Դ߻ӱʽȥӱ㿪ʼôܻ᲻֪ʵ˼ء
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һ£ԭƪ[]Ũװʶ

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ΪֲֻſԿʵܣʵҲſԿԼ
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ԭָоһ޷ݵԵĻڱ˴˰ɡ
飬Ȼʱ˽̵ˣȻǱ׾ġ
߻ӵľֹĳ̶ȣǳģΪʲôһͲԸ뵽ɣٴθԺСʵ׶ʲôϲõͬʱȴǰδеḸʡ
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ӵ֣ԾģȴȻĸ߻ӵ塣

[]ԭŨ

һ£ԭƪ[]Ũװʶ

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ȻΪǵõķʽҲʧǿĸ
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ɻʵΪҪ˻ֵѨأѵʵܲϲֱ𣿡
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ӸͲ̫߻ӵĻ븸йأٴ⡣
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ѵֲҪΪֻΪףƭ𣿡
ʵֵ֪˼Ӳм߻ӵ⡣
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ͻȻ䣬ҲˣΪҲɻ߻ʵܵҪʲô
߻˵ҲǺ˽ġ
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þ֮ɻʵΪûеȵԼҪĽҪʲôأһʮ߻˵ܹҪʲô
Ļ䣬߻ӵľֹɵţȫ񾭶ڱ״̬
߻Ӳɫĸӣ֮ڣ⻹ֻ߻ӵһֻ֣ȴ̽
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߻ر˯ȻһֱˣֻǽԱˣʱ֮á
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ߵڰ˯ǰص
ʶɺãĪ岻ʣʶȻ̰˯ɴӲ˯֮ù
ʶйһΣǵġ
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Ϊǻľ̵ֹǵǰ˵漴̺һԵҲǰʡ
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һһʮ£ԭƪ[ʮ]uŨװ

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ǺǣܳĿ˾˰ͻȻЦ˵
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߻ӵĴҴȥκһ˶뵽ġ
ʶȷǺϲأ
ةĵ֮ɫнĹ죬ɵðο
F߀@飬ʃ܉ةĹкøУһ¡
һ˳̾

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һһʮ£ԭƪ[ʮ]Ũװ
Aꖌmǰ
֮ɫԳϣû뵽ʱȴة೤̾
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ոյһĻȻԺУǰһ㡣ة˿߻ͻȻˣоԾѡ
ֻһӣȴô˵ľֹһǰԣȫû˵ʶ
ףĸףߵȥˣ
˫׵ʩһ񣬱뿪ǰ
˿ڳκһˣȴףҲӦÿĲǣΪ˵ܵܿģֵۣף飬ȴΪߵµΪȫˡ
ѣǺúõտʶעӽʶκһˣǵķԸ
ΪʶԶǹľֹʶʶˣ˼ҲˣǶҲŮŮҵԲǲ֪㲻ʶģҲǱһԡ
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ҹ䷢£ȴֹסˣΪʶҪة֪ҲΪʶἰǸ˾״ĶΡ
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вߵкα仯𣿡ةεʵ
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һһʮ£ԭƪ[ʮ]Ũװ

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һһʮ£ԭƪ[ʮ]飡ˣŨװ

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˵˵ǵĿǾĸ׼ġ߻Ӳɵһȵ
ҲɵʸԾ߻ӴǷȥĻ
ūŸӦú˼룡
ʣǻʶĹܽūŲϣڶ޷ˣҲͨһݻʶػúóͷǡ
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Ȼûеõʸ߻Ȼŷ˿뿪Ǭ
ӣͲܹūϹͷЩӲˡ
˻һһյķ˿űԹ
Ȼһֱ֪߻͵͵ϰգû뵽ȴ߻ӽµĵһƷ
ߣڱǰһס
߻ŷ˿ݼԵǻʸ죬ȻⲻãҲֻһɵĹһڷ˿ĴϣǺãȻǬо͹Ǻ
ĪūŽȥˣ
˿Ц˵߻ӲţӦû˵ӣ¶Ҫ֣ҲӦùǣСӸūŵЩūŲ֪Щ
˿ѵ߱㲻֪ҩЧʱ𣿡߻˵
ūŸūųϣūŴˣūŲӦ̰ӦúʥϣӦԥŲҴǬҪūŰūŲӣʥϳ谮ӣǣūСͲˡȻǣҲҪòǡ
˿üɫ軶˵ţνʹ
߻ˣݲٸһš
ʃ߻ӷأ㵣ǵĻ
ĸʶãĸα˵أ߻Ӱο󣬱㿴ˡ
ةľ״ķŭة˵Ļںա

[һ]ԭ

һһʮ£ԭƪ[ʮһ]飡ˣŨװ

һֱסةˣڿ߻ӵķʱŲ̽ס˳
ʵڣǲ̫׾ʲô£ةѾˡ
Ƿ˵ٵԭ֪ô˺ھĸҲ
ة˴ûʹҹʹԼĺģ֪Ҫȡ
ôغ󣬵һοȴǰĸ
ة˲ſ߻ӣ߻ǳԾɻȴֲһ˿
촽źϰ죬ձةסû˵һ仰ֻչˮ
ΪʱʹεȥĻᣬǽ죬ȴͬˣֻۣûиҲá
ʼûע⵽ĸ׵飬Ϊȫעŵ߻ӵϣĸֱֱĿ߻ʱŲɵóԾԭôԣĸ׶߻Ϊ
ѣĸĸȥةˣȫȥ˿ѩûбκҲڣ
߻ɨۻԲѵĶϣҪȡ練ƣȻҪŹȻˡ
漴ةǱ뿪
ʶ
ȫôһ£߻侲ӣԽԽĻʶˣֻǸоʶΣյģ˶Իʶ˵ΣյģʶԱ˵ҲһΣյĴڡ
ȴǳٳٲȥΪûƶ塣
ߵΪдҲӦе޹أҲһʮ꣬ôġ
ƾԣͿԳةฮ߻Ļص
ˣһĲţ߻˵ʹĻģֻܹҪʲôرٲҪ˿
߻Ӳǳڡ
Ŷһ˵飬߻ʲɵЦȴ߽м˵
ΪʳĻڻԵˣ㲻Ǻˣ
²ǹĶ𣿡
Ǻǣ𣿱õǰͷֻҪѰһɣԳȥһˣαɷѿġ
߻˵ţתȥ֮˵
˵˵Ķةࣿ
ة߻ӵĻɵò£ԭ֪ˡ
Ǻǣкζ˽ıةˣ߻˵ġ
˶޽⣬ֻǼ⣬㹻ļȻʹİȻȥ
һ쿴߻ӣȫ߻ԣһֱΪԼ߻ӲˣúϿоԲˣͬʱҲ׸׵ɫ
£߻ŲΥ
ǺǣвĸؾĸѾ֪ôˣȴڹ
ŶķӦ߻Ӳɵ
ˣ˴ȥѺû˭Ҳü
ѩ˿̽ɵĿסĶ漴㽫Ѻȥ
ֱ뿪֮ʱȫûʶ߻挦ס
ʱֻˣԲѵĶϣة࣬Į߻ӡ
ة಻ҿڣΪ˵¶죬ɻ󣬻ɣҲ߻֪һУҲ֪һС
˾ˣΪΪεˣѵûл뱾˵𣿡
ˡ΢޶ۣߵ½Ϊ΢޷͸
˾ˣΪΣѵ֪ʣֻܹͨж֪١
ߣ˾ֻҪ߱ϻ
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ǺǣŰһ𣿡߻˵ļΪм
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ȣǺǾȺϣֲ̫ҽôֱءοУΪһҪأֻҪΪ֮ˣҪ谭ǰ·֮ˣϕķNأ
߻˵ļΪȻةԼûһ˿ϵ㡣
߻ӵĻة˲ɵñýӲ
㶼֪ЩʲôةҲٳƺʹֱʵ
˾˵֪ʲô֪ʲô˵֪ʲôҲ㲻֪ʲô
ة໹ûн˵ڣ޷˵ڣѵڣȥֻ֪ҪˣҲʲô¶ˡ
ߣӳڣһֱ˲кǶһαҲΪֻ֣ߵ˻ǾԲϢġڸ˾ѡ񣬾˾˿ˡ
߻˵ţȡһ֧СɵĴƿɨһۣŵߣĵ˵
˾ ǺϵĽҩ
ةˣɵ۾߻ӣĿʲôȻôó˽ҩ
Ǻǣ˾˲ãǽҩͬʱҲǶҩҲ˾˷ģҪġϵ㽻˾ˡ
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԰
գ߻ӿǴϲʹϲһƬ
μʢةɫ̫ãȻֵɷһʱ԰Ϊ߻ף١
ȻҪǣʱ̣ȫڳ֮ϣǰرܵ⣬ҪȫԣΪ߻ӣΪ˺ϡ
ʶѿǳˣձ볯һֵףʱ̣֪ʶǸְأ
Ǹûʶ̲ɺã
Ŷʶ̲Ǻǣúãáʸ˵ĸо
ȼΪ߻ӿףӶףصĶةࡣ
ڻ֮ʱ߻Ȼ뿪԰
߻ʵܣôĺӣ߻ʵΪҪȥأ
һˬӰԾ߻ǰ

[]ԭԵ

һһʮ£ԭƪ[ʮ]Ե飡ˣŨ
԰
Ļ֣ˣ߻ɻĻʲô
߻ʵܵĴӣô;أ
ϲ˶࣬οЩŻȨ̸
Ǻǣԭ߻ʵܲϲڴˣˣة಻ҲһһΪ߻ʵةڣ߻ʵνĲϲҲ㲻ˡ
ЩˣȷйЪϢȥˣˡ㣡߻˵ţҪȥ
Ǻǣ߻ʵܻû䰡ǰһһֱϲɫۡ
עôãֻнſ߻չʾ书׷ֻΪ֤ʵԼĲ룬¸꣬Ȼ仯Ψ߻ǲͬġ
ʵ룬Ҳ˴𰸡
ŶĻֲҲûأھȻǰһƯ
ĻӵĻ˿Ϊ⣬ȤĿĻаЦ
ЦĻ˻ʣΪ߻ȻЦȴһ⣬ȴϣ߻ܹЦЩ
ΪҪǣӦǵһ߻ЦˣΪǰǺɫӰЦҲаЦ
Ļӷ֣߻Ӷʲô޷ĵ׷ŭϣģǱ߻ܹЩʲôÿ븸һ
Ҳ֪ͲܣΪ߻ֻ븸ʡ
Щں߻Ī˵
йй߻ǶͯĴţĻ֮ԱǵģʱıƣȻЩˣȻŵ෴ģǱ߻ӵһִţ߻ת
ǣܹŵģҲ߻ӽܹϻλڣ߻ܹϣ̸ס
ڣȻ֪߻ӣ߻ӣԽǲףıԽǲʣΪ߻ӵĹϵѾ󣬾ϴ޼Ľ߻ӱڻС
һֱ߻Ϊǹܷ֮ϵǣ߻ģһջ˵ӵ䣬ҲֻԶۣɴм븸󣬿븸ʵòȴȫͬͬ˿ˣִĿģΪ߻ϵϢ
ʹУ˽֪Ҫˣ˸⣬ǻʺ󣬶ڣȴǲͬΪ߻ӣ︸ʣڸ⡣
Ĺ򣬵ǽٰ
߻ӻأĻӳԾĿ߻ӡ
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ǺǣĻִȫ˵
Ϊ߻ӵĹ̹ףĻ˲мܲס
ѵ߻ʵܾͲ´ٴʲôҥԣ
ҥ𣿱ԲΪйʲôҥԡΪһн³
ĻͻȻԼ޷߻ӵ˼·̫ףΪҪ£ǼΪġ
ǺǣĻֲ𣿱ܹľһ漣
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ֵΪ߻ʵܶȻ԰Ȼš
ǺǣȻΪΪλҪ׷ǰأֻҶˣѵĻֲ£ڴȡ
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ĻȫԭأǸӰʧףӲˣȻ߻ӻ룬ȴΪһֱž롣
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ǺǣˣѡΪϷ½ҩة࣬ҪлҲӦллةǡ
ȻףΪλж
ǺǣΪβ׵ֻ㸸ĸȴ׵ĺأ
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ةҲ֪˭߻Ӳû˵ڣΪֱӸ߶ةȻȻҲԣ֪ĿǰҲֻ޵ġ
Ȼ߻ӵԴǣҲΨһĽͣʹҶʧ
ʵΪһԭΪǸԭġ
ѵϣǱĶʼҪϲɣ
ŷ߻ͻȻ˵
ŵĿ߻ӣ˼Ȼ֪
ȷҲпܣǶԺϺõñʼĻɱĿܣ
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Уµλǵһģ
Ŭ˵ϵġ
ǻԺϺãֻΪֵܣ߻ҲãõĳԽֵܡ
Ŷ𣿡߻ϲʵ
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㣬ֻ㲻űˣ
֪ǲ߻ӣ߻ӽΪȷ
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¿ɷǰϣǳʲôԭʼΪԼĴ˵ܵܡ
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ⲻȹڣ߻ӵĻȻϲȻ˵
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֪ȥδ߻ţɵʵ
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ǣ˭޷׵ģҪӣ߻ӾȻһ

[]ԭԵ

һٶʮ£ԭƪ[ʮ]飡ˣŨװ
⣡
߻ӾһĺӰ㣬εС߻Ǻ飬
ָо߻Ҳ֪˸ǣ߻ȴǱֵȫΪ⣬ΪΣ޴֪Ϊָ±ǣڵ߻ӲģȻǽһϮ߻ӵΪȫݡ
һ֪߻ӵĺĻ֮ǿҲһοа߻ӣҲǵһִָоһж߻ӡ
ǵ߻ӽһƷ꣬ѡʱ̬
ߵߵܡŵĻ
Σһ֧Ŀȸʵ

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С˲ȥѡʲôֻ˿ȸαתȥ
λӣļҵǧС㣬Ȼ۹⣬˴󷽣
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ĪС϶ҪС˵ӡ϶ŶıӰĽе
ˣǹ͸ģͷҲأֱӦ
ʵǳ󣬶Ʈĸоڡ
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£ĵƽʱһʱԷֱ棡
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ʸɨ˵ĻЦżΪ߻ӡˡ
һֱ߻ӵİҲ߻˦£һ֪߻˷
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ȻҲĿһΧة࣬ϲة࣬Ҳϸةı仯޳Ϊةϲˡܡȴǲͬġ
ʱʧȻ߻ӵټûʸҲʧȥԡ
ʥϣ߻ӲڻҲڰ
һٴʸߣֻ˿
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ү¥룡
Ʒż䣬ٽǵҵĽүĻӿҲû˱ֱ¥


[]ԭԵ

һٶʮһ£ԭƪ[ʮ]Ե飡ˣŨ
ߣߵܣ˴ʺ㣡Ͳסֹ
ĸãȻҲã
߻ӿҲûȻӦ¥ʱȴֽס
λӣ¥룡ʶĵСҴ˵
߻ӻͷ۶ɵûЦЦ֮¥
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ʱֵ¥У˿ԸӦ߻Сϵȵ¶⣬ֻԼͨͨ
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߻ɨװηŵĸ䶨Ļǿ˫ϡ
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[]ԭԵ

һٶʮ£ԭƪ[ʮ]飡ˣŨװ
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ǵӦ顣ҪڱҪõ
ͷڵصĵĽ

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ȴǿһŭɶĻʸ죬Ц˵
߻ӵĻ˲һһ˳ȥʸȴԵĸˡ
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ŻʸǾ߻˲ˣ
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ȥΪʶϵĽȫ£
ԥĻص
԰˵ɱˣǶˣҲǴ̽һڡ⡯
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ʶ֮ᷢЩʲôҲڴܹЩʲôȻΪҪǻʶϲͺáȴΪһ㶼ʶ岻أ
Ϊٳ³ʱϲȸԾƣⶼĴ
˵ߣôԸء
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˿˿ɶԒȴ΢Ц˵ةĻ
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ĪҪ˵ЦˣУ˲ϲ£
ȻԸолȻȻص

[]ԭ񼣡

һʮһ£ԭƪ[ʮ]飡ˣŨ

ʣµģֲг˯α˽⣡
ЦĿŻʸ죬Ȼ˵
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ոʵһΪʸͻȻȥ
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ŻʸľֹӴͷβӴ£ƤĺӰ㣬ִ˲ƣšӴȤǿŻʸε顣
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ʸһ֪֪߻ӵĶȻ˵߻ӵ˾Ȼ˵
Щ򵥵Ķ߻ڹ͵ģΪˡ
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ʸΪԼ˴߻ӳʱӲٿ߻ӵ壬ʱȻΪʮǰļ⣬վǰھһ绨Ů
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ҪȥʲôҪԸǰȥǣ
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ʶȥֻΪ̵𣿡Ҫ֪ĸࡣ

[]ԭͻ飡

һʮ£ԭƪ[ʮ]񼣡飡˼

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ʡķڻʸУ߻ӾȻĺӰ㣬ŻʸĲӣǰ
֪Ϊ״θеĴڣ߻̫Ĵ߻ӵķĵĳ谮ʸеһǰδеůϮķ
ˣҲ߻ʶĵӼʱ𣬻ʸȻԼ㣬ֻҪ߻йصһУͲסע⣬һżǰ
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ʸ˵ľսĻȴһЦ⡣
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[]ԭ

һʮ£ԭƪ[ʮ]飡ˣ

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ʮУΨһܹϲ顣
ѾʮȻûпǹй£֪Ϊˣһû˿Ĺʲôĵ·޷˻ʵܣ뷽跨߻ʵܡ
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Ǻǣ飬ȻǷǳ޵ּˡ
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Ǻǣʲôõǵģǻʸ죬ǵΪĵȨʲô飬߻ʶˣܲɷֵˡ

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߻˵ţة࣬ȴΧةȦةż飬Ÿةһ漴ةɫ䣬ֵĻؾ
ĪҪ˵Цˣ΢˻֮£
ǵҪȡ΢ҲԓȱסԼ



[]ԭ

һʮ£ԭƪ[ʮ]飡ˣŨ

Ǻǣةв𣿡ةĻ첻ɵЦ
΢ңةԥĻصڿЦ
ةӦ֪ԱΪҪ˭ǺǣةȻ֪˵ةΪ̫أ
⣬۾֮΢ةฮ֡
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ة࿴ǰȻʧȴһǴЦֻеĲھָ֣ܹоģʥϣֻˣǴʱȫס
֪ЦʲôЦеһС
㲻ձ˼֤ةฮ˲ʧȻ𣿱ö˵ˡة࣬һֱԱ°ܹӦңбҪʱ
ǣ㲻ϣȻҲϢǨ͡ѵةŸʻϢǨǺԱԣҪǱһ㣬һ㣬ֻةܹܺõ
֪⣬ةʲôķӦֻǶɵЦˡ
˭벻к۱ܹʲô̶ȣة඼ӦԲ𣿡
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Ǻǣ㲻ΪةฮӦųն𣿡
ةûʧǹҪ˵ûС
ԣ֪һУȴֲںһС
΢Ҳһ
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Ȼһб³֮󣬶ޱǰʱΪޣǳһޣةǣˣǶǡ֮ԲŹһˣȻةǣԡ
㣬ûκιϵ
ǺǣةִˣĹϵةฮϵĴӡ
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ǺǣҪԱƷʲô˼ˣǸʱ䣬ةӦö⡣Ϊƾ㣬ǻʸ죬Ҳ޷±ءȻҪǱԸġ
ةˣͷ̧֪ԶԶеĻҪ࣬Ȼ˳νʥϣ˽£ΪҲС
ԭţʥҲСڣˡ
׿Щνĵǣة˵Ǻ°ĺ°
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ҴҷصĶɫɷףҡҡλȥĸףĻ֮ɻæȥ߻ӡ
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µڳϣеɻһԶȻȴֲ֪Ӻ
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죡ԥĻľϲ̶ֲ̰գǿн˶ȡ
ָݵģǹ޴ӵ֪ԼĸоʥҲ֪
ѵΪСԵֳŮ֮٣Ȼ֪ŮǵʢȷǲʧΪһӡ
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Ŷ˵ةడոձֻǸϲǷǳϲ⽫ߣԶߣةɫšѵةΪг˲ɣǱϲ֮ˣةΪλ˲أ
˵ļΪȻἰϲƽ顣
ϲǳϲ쵱ϲ𣿡
֪ϲ˼𣿾ϲʥϣҲֻεʥϵİţĹ»Լ
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ةһֱںߣǾΪһĸ
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Т𣿶Ӧǣɶ˵ȴǡТŮ
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⣺޵Ľ֯

ԭǺޣʸݷ⣡޵Ľ֯
Ƿӣ˶֪ķӡ
ǷӣΪԸУԸʵ
۱ô֪⵽
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ȻĽһգҲ߻ʵܵĿ֮ա
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ΪпܵģҲ˲ܡ񶫷ةܵһ
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ԣһֱΪԼ¶ڣԣһֱ˸оκβͬ
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ļУڶο߻ӣһαǻе߻ӣİϣ֮ԻǵãΪһ򰲾߻ӣȴΪʺĻͻȻĿʱȴͻȻֹס˿
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ΪʱȡǵģȴŹǡ
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߻ӵõõĹĸʵĳ谮ں߻ӣϲ
߻ӵõеİȻС顣ֻ֪ʱǷԳն߻ӣ߻Ƿư͵̬ӡ
飬Ĳĸ֣ΪҪܱΪʹУȥȻҲᱻǣСԣģֻػԼܵǣ
ǶԵģΪΪһǰδеĺϷ
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Ǻǣʱ˻ӵս߻ӵأ
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ᣬ븸
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